Keperawatan Jiwa: paket kilat

Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 6 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.

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1Rumus dan metode

Keperawatan jiwa

Metode

  1. Tentukan apakah ada risiko yang mengancam saat ini: bunuh diri, kekerasan, kegawatan akibat obat, atau penyakit fisik.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan lebih dulu: observasi, singkirkan sarana yang berbahaya, lakukan deeskalasi, hentikan obat yang merugikan, minta bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, sampaikan kenyataan, hindari penghiburan palsu dan pertanyaan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.

2Soal latihan

1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang

How does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) differ from ECT?

  1. AIt needs a general anaesthetic and causes a seizure, like ECT
  2. BIt uses magnetic pulses on the scalp while the patient is awake, without causing a seizure
  3. CIt involves surgically implanting electrodes deep in the brain under anaesthetic
  4. DIt is given as a daily tablet that contains tiny magnetic particles
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit

A nurse notices that a colleague smells of alcohol, has slurred speech and is about to give medicines. What should the nurse do?

  1. AWait until the end of the shift, then talk privately with the colleague
  2. BGive the colleague some strong coffee and let her continue with the medicine round if she says she feels fine
  3. CReport the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
  4. DSay nothing, because it is not her responsibility
3.Psikologi klinisSedang

Dalam model dua faktor fobia (Mowrer), bagaimana fobia dipertahankan?

  1. AKetakutan hanya dipelajari dengan mengamati orang lain
  2. BMelalui penguatan positif ketakutan dengan hadiah
  3. CPenghindaran mengurangi kecemasan, sehingga penghindaran diperkuat secara negatif
  4. DMelalui hukuman dari orang lain terhadap perilaku mendekat, yang justru memperkuat rasa takut itu sendiri
4.Psikologi klinisSulit

Seorang peminum berat kronis mengalami kebingungan, cara berjalan tidak stabil, dan gerakan mata abnormal. Defisiensi mana yang harus segera ditangani?

  1. AVitamin C
  2. BZat besi
  3. CTiamin (vitamin B1)
  4. DVitamin D
5.FarmakologiSedang

A patient wants to stop paroxetine suddenly. What should the nurse explain?

  1. AStopping suddenly causes the drug to work better for a while
  2. BIt can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability
  3. CIt can be stopped at any time, as antidepressants cause no withdrawal effects
  4. DStopping suddenly causes dangerous low blood sugar
6.FarmakologiSulit

A patient who takes clonidine stopped it suddenly two days ago. He is now agitated, has a headache and his blood pressure is very high. What is the most likely explanation?

  1. AAn allergic reaction to clonidine
  2. BNormal variation unrelated to the medication
  3. CClonidine toxicity due to slow excretion by the kidneys
  4. DRebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

3Larutan

1.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: B · It uses magnetic pulses on the scalp while the patient is awake, without causing a seizure

Mengapa ini jawabannya

rTMS stimulates specific brain areas with a magnetic coil held on the head. It does not need anaesthesia or cause a seizure and is used for depression that has not responded to medicines.

Jawaban

B · It uses magnetic pulses on the scalp while the patient is awake, without causing a seizure
2.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: C · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients

Mengapa ini jawabannya

An impaired nurse is a risk to patients. The concern is reported at once through the proper channel so the colleague can be removed from patient care and offered support through the organisation's procedures.

Jawaban

C · Report the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
3.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: C · Penghindaran mengurangi kecemasan, sehingga penghindaran diperkuat secara negatif

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Ketakutan diperoleh melalui pengondisian klasik dan bertahan karena menghindari objek yang ditakuti mengurangi kecemasan, yang memperkuat penghindaran secara negatif.

Jawaban

C · Penghindaran mengurangi kecemasan, sehingga penghindaran diperkuat secara negatif
4.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: C · Tiamin (vitamin B1)

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Ensefalopati Wernicke disebabkan defisiensi tiamin dan muncul dengan kebingungan, ataksia, dan tanda pada mata. Tanpa penanganan, kondisi ini dapat berlanjut menjadi sindrom Korsakoff dengan amnesia berat dan konfabulasi.

Jawaban

C · Tiamin (vitamin B1)
5.Farmakologi

Jawaban: B · It can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome is common with short half-life drugs such as paroxetine and venlafaxine. The dose is tapered gradually under supervision.

Jawaban

B · It can cause dizziness, "electric shock" feelings and irritability
6.Farmakologi

Jawaban: D · Rebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Clonidine is a central alpha-2 agonist. Stopping it suddenly lets sympathetic activity surge, causing rebound hypertension, so it is tapered gradually.

Jawaban

D · Rebound hypertension from abrupt clonidine withdrawal

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