Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
A child repeatedly eats paint flakes, soil and paper for more than a month. What is this called, and what is a key risk?
APica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
BBulimia; severe hypokalaemia from vomiting
CAnorexia; dangerously low body weight and bradycardia
DARFID; the risk of choking on food
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
On the day after hip surgery, a 58-year-old patient has a new tremor, sweating, anxiety and a fast pulse. He did not report any alcohol use on admission. What should the nurse do?
AAsk him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
BWait until the next day to see if the symptoms go away on their own once his pain is better controlled
CAssume he has post-operative pain and give extra analgesia only
DTell him that his symptoms are normal after hip surgery
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) meningkatkan serotonin di sinaps dengan cara:
AMenghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
BMempercepat pemecahan serotonin oleh enzim monoamin oksidase
CMenghancurkan reseptor serotonin
DMenghambat pelepasan dopamin
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Wawancara yang mengikuti serangkaian pertanyaan tetap dengan urutan tetap untuk mencapai diagnosis disebut:
AWawancara tidak terstruktur
BTes proyektif
CWawancara klinis terstruktur
DSesi asosiasi bebas
5.FarmakologiSedang
Berapa lama kira-kira obat yang diberikan dengan interval teratur mencapai keadaan tunak?
A10 waktu paruh
BHanya bergantung pada besarnya dosis
C4 sampai 5 waktu paruh
D1 waktu paruh
6.FarmakologiSulit
A patient with an epidural infusion of local anaesthetic becomes hypotensive. What is the most likely mechanism?
AThe drug increases urine output and causes dehydration
BThe local anaesthetic causes a severe allergic reaction
CBlockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation
DThe epidural catheter has caused heavy bleeding
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: A · Pica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Pica is persistent eating of non-food substances, inappropriate for the person's developmental level. Risks include lead poisoning, infections, dental damage and intestinal obstruction.
Jawaban
A · Pica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: A · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Unexpected alcohol withdrawal is common in surgical patients. Asking about drinking, using a withdrawal scale and reporting early allows treatment before seizures or delirium tremens develop.
Jawaban
A · Ask him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Menghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
Mengapa ini jawabannya
SSRI menghambat transporter serotonin sehingga serotonin bertahan lebih lama di celah sinaps. Efek klinis biasanya memerlukan beberapa minggu.
Jawaban
A · Menghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: C · Wawancara klinis terstruktur
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Wawancara terstruktur seperti SCID mengajukan pertanyaan baku yang terkait dengan kriteria diagnostik, sehingga reliabilitasnya lebih tinggi daripada wawancara tidak terstruktur.
Jawaban
C · Wawancara klinis terstruktur
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · 4 sampai 5 waktu paruh
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Dengan dosis berulang, kadar mendekati keadaan tunak setelah sekitar 4–5 waktu paruh, berapa pun dosisnya. Dosis muatan dapat dipakai agar lebih cepat tercapai.
Jawaban
C · 4 sampai 5 waktu paruh
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · Blockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Epidural local anaesthetics block sympathetic fibres as well as sensory nerves. This dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, so fluids, position changes or vasopressors may be needed.
Jawaban
C · Blockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation