Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
Which tool is widely used to screen for delirium at the bedside?
AThe CIWA-Ar
BThe Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)
CThe CAGE questionnaire
DThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
A patient with borderline personality disorder says, "If you don't make Anna my nurse again tomorrow, I'll cut myself." What is the most appropriate response?
ATake the statement seriously, assess her risk and explain that nursing assignments are decided by the team
BAgree to assign Anna to her every day so that she stays safe
CTell her that if she cuts herself again, she will be discharged from the ward at once without any follow-up
DIgnore the threat, because she is only trying to manipulate staff
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) meningkatkan serotonin di sinaps dengan cara:
AMenghancurkan reseptor serotonin
BMenghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
CMempercepat pemecahan serotonin oleh enzim monoamin oksidase
DMenghambat pelepasan dopamin
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Riset expressed emotion (emosi yang diekspresikan) melahirkan intervensi keluarga pada skizofrenia. Hasil mana yang paling konsisten diperbaiki oleh intervensi ini?
ARisiko genetik saudara kandung
BKebutuhan akan obat antipsikotik apa pun
CSkor IQ pasien
DAngka kekambuhan dan rawat inap ulang
5.FarmakologiSedang
A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?
ATen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium
BHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
CNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before
DBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
6.FarmakologiSulit
A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?
AAnticholinergic drugs
BAntihistamines
COpioid antagonists
DBenzodiazepines
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: D · The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
Mengapa ini jawabannya
The CAM checks for acute onset and fluctuating course, inattention, and either disorganised thinking or an altered level of consciousness. Other tools, such as the 4AT, are also used.
Jawaban
D · The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: A · Take the statement seriously, assess her risk and explain that nursing assignments are decided by the team
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Every threat of self-harm needs assessment, but giving in to it reinforces the behaviour and supports splitting. The nurse addresses safety and feelings while keeping consistent team boundaries.
Jawaban
A · Take the statement seriously, assess her risk and explain that nursing assignments are decided by the team
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: B · Menghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
Mengapa ini jawabannya
SSRI menghambat transporter serotonin sehingga serotonin bertahan lebih lama di celah sinaps. Efek klinis biasanya memerlukan beberapa minggu.
Jawaban
B · Menghambat pengambilan kembali serotonin ke neuron prasinaps
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: D · Angka kekambuhan dan rawat inap ulang
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Intervensi keluarga yang mengajarkan komunikasi dan pemecahan masalah serta mengurangi kritik menurunkan kekambuhan dan rawat inap ulang, biasanya bersama dengan obat.
Jawaban
D · Angka kekambuhan dan rawat inap ulang
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: D · Better alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Lactulose is adjusted to give about two to three soft stools a day and to lower ammonia, improving mental status. Excessive diarrhoea can cause dehydration and electrolyte loss.
Jawaban
D · Better alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: D · Benzodiazepines
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Cocaine causes a sympathomimetic toxidrome. Benzodiazepines reduce agitation, tachycardia, hypertension and hyperthermia, while cooling and cardiac monitoring are also given.