Keperawatan Jiwa: paket kilat

Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 6 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.

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1Rumus dan metode

Keperawatan jiwa

Metode

  1. Tentukan apakah ada risiko yang mengancam saat ini: bunuh diri, kekerasan, kegawatan akibat obat, atau penyakit fisik.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan lebih dulu: observasi, singkirkan sarana yang berbahaya, lakukan deeskalasi, hentikan obat yang merugikan, minta bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, sampaikan kenyataan, hindari penghiburan palsu dan pertanyaan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.

2Soal latihan

1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang

A 7-year-old with autism is admitted to a children's ward. Which nursing action is most helpful?

  1. AAvoid his parents' advice, because staff know best how to care for him
  2. BKeep to his usual routines where possible and prepare him for any changes
  3. CChange his daily routine often, to help him get used to change
  4. DPut him in a busy bay with lots of noise and activity to keep him stimulated
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit

A patient says, "I don't have a drinking problem. I only drink at weekends, like everyone else." He drinks heavily every weekend. Which approach fits his stage of change best?

  1. ARefer him straight to a residential detox programme
  2. BOffer non-judgemental information and explore how drinking affects his life
  3. CHelp him set a quit date for next week
  4. DDiscuss detailed strategies to prevent a relapse after he has stopped drinking
3.Psikologi klinisSedang

Manakah yang merupakan gejala positif skizofrenia?

  1. AWaham
  2. BPenarikan diri sosial
  3. CAfek datar
  4. DKemiskinan bicara
4.Psikologi klinisSulit

Mengapa model medis penyakit mental dikritik oleh pendukung pendekatan psikologis?

  1. AModel ini hanya didasarkan pada analisis mimpi
  2. BModel ini menyangkal bahwa otak dan faktor biologis berperan dalam perilaku atau emosi
  3. CModel ini menolak penggunaan obat sama sekali
  4. DModel ini dapat mengabaikan penyebab psikologis dan sosial serta mengurangi rasa agensi seseorang
5.FarmakologiSedang

Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?

  1. ADrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect
  2. BTake it with alcohol to make it act faster
  3. CTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
  4. DTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
6.FarmakologiSulit

A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?

  1. AHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates
  2. BRaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
  3. CRaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest
  4. DFast correction causes immediate kidney failure

3Larutan

1.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: B · Keep to his usual routines where possible and prepare him for any changes

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Predictability reduces distress. Nurses keep routines, use clear and concrete language, reduce sensory stimulation, use visual supports and work closely with the parents, who know the child best.

Jawaban

B · Keep to his usual routines where possible and prepare him for any changes
2.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: B · Offer non-judgemental information and explore how drinking affects his life

Mengapa ini jawabannya

In precontemplation, the aim is to raise awareness without confrontation, for example by giving personalised feedback and exploring the pros and cons. Action-focused plans fit later stages.

Jawaban

B · Offer non-judgemental information and explore how drinking affects his life
3.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: A · Waham

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Gejala positif adalah tambahan (halusinasi, waham, bicara kacau). Gejala negatif adalah kehilangan (afek datar, avolisi, alogia).

Jawaban

A · Waham
4.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: D · Model ini dapat mengabaikan penyebab psikologis dan sosial serta mengurangi rasa agensi seseorang

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Model medis memperlakukan gangguan sebagai penyakit dengan penyebab biologis, yang mengurangi rasa bersalah tetapi dapat mengabaikan peristiwa hidup, makna, dan konteks, serta dapat mendorong ketergantungan pasif pada obat.

Jawaban

D · Model ini dapat mengabaikan penyebab psikologis dan sosial serta mengurangi rasa agensi seseorang
5.Farmakologi

Jawaban: C · Take it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Zolpidem can cause next-day impairment and complex sleep behaviours such as sleep-walking or sleep-driving. Alcohol and other sedatives increase these risks.

Jawaban

C · Take it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
6.Farmakologi

Jawaban: B · Raising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain

Mengapa ini jawabannya

In chronic hyponatraemia the brain adapts to low osmolality. Correcting sodium too rapidly shrinks brain cells and can cause osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis), so sodium is checked often.

Jawaban

B · Raising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing