Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
Which approach is most effective when setting limits with a patient who repeatedly breaks ward rules?
AState the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
BGive a long explanation each time the rule is broken and allow the patient to negotiate a new consequence
CLet each nurse decide on the day whether to apply the rules
DChange the rules for this patient to avoid conflict
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
A patient in a mental health unit asks to read his own health records. What is the correct general principle?
AThe nurse should give him the records immediately without following any procedure
BPsychiatric patients are never allowed to see their records
COnly his family can request access to his records on his behalf
DPatients generally have a right of access, with limited exceptions to prevent serious harm
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Menurut model kognitif panik dari Clark, serangan panik muncul dari:
ASalah tafsir katastrofik terhadap sensasi tubuh yang normal
BKetakutan akan penilaian orang lain
CKonflik bawah sadar antara id dan superego mengenai dorongan terlarang
DKurangnya aktivitas yang memberi imbalan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Seorang pasien mengalami gejala psikotik selama setahun; selama beberapa minggu ia berhalusinasi tanpa episode suasana hati, sementara pada waktu lain psikosis terjadi selama episode depresi mayor. Diagnosis mana yang paling mungkin?
AGangguan skizoafektif
BGangguan waham
CGangguan depresi mayor dengan ciri psikotik
DGangguan bipolar I
5.FarmakologiSedang
A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3,0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?
AGive intramuscular glucagon at once
BGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
DGive the next scheduled dose of insulin
6.FarmakologiSulit
Mengapa penghambat ACE dapat menyebabkan cedera ginjal akut pada pasien dengan stenosis arteri renalis bilateral?
AObat mengkristal di tubulus ginjal
BPenghambat ACE menyempitkan arteriol aferen
CLFG bergantung pada angiotensin II yang menyempitkan arteriol eferen
DPenghambat ACE bersifat toksik langsung bagi sel tubulus proksimal di ginjal
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: A · State the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Effective limit setting is clear, calm and consistent across the whole team. The behaviour expected and the consequence are stated in advance and applied without anger or punishment.
Jawaban
A · State the rule and the consequence clearly, and make sure all staff apply it consistently
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: D · Patients generally have a right of access, with limited exceptions to prevent serious harm
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Data protection and health records laws in many countries give patients a right to access their records. Requests follow a formal procedure, and information may be withheld only in limited cases, for example if it could cause serious harm.
Jawaban
D · Patients generally have a right of access, with limited exceptions to prevent serious harm
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Salah tafsir katastrofik terhadap sensasi tubuh yang normal
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Clark mengusulkan bahwa orang menafsirkan sensasi seperti palpitasi atau pusing sebagai tanda bencana yang akan segera terjadi, sehingga kecemasan dan sensasinya meningkat dan membentuk lingkaran setan.
Jawaban
A · Salah tafsir katastrofik terhadap sensasi tubuh yang normal
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Gangguan skizoafektif
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Gangguan skizoafektif melibatkan episode suasana hati bersama gejala skizofrenia, ditambah setidaknya dua minggu psikosis tanpa episode suasana hati. Pada depresi psikotik, psikosis hanya terjadi selama episode suasana hati.
Jawaban
A · Gangguan skizoafektif
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: B · Give 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Conscious hypoglycaemia is treated with 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, with glucose rechecked after about 15 minutes. Fat slows absorption, and glucagon is kept for patients who cannot swallow.
Jawaban
B · Give 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · LFG bergantung pada angiotensin II yang menyempitkan arteriol eferen
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Ketika perfusi ginjal rendah, angiotensin II menyempitkan arteriol eferen untuk mempertahankan tekanan glomerulus. Memblokirnya membuat tekanan dan LFG turun, sehingga fungsi ginjal dapat menurun tajam.
Jawaban
C · LFG bergantung pada angiotensin II yang menyempitkan arteriol eferen