Keperawatan Jiwa: paket kilat

Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 6 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.

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1Rumus dan metode

Keperawatan jiwa

Metode

  1. Tentukan apakah ada risiko yang mengancam saat ini: bunuh diri, kekerasan, kegawatan akibat obat, atau penyakit fisik.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan lebih dulu: observasi, singkirkan sarana yang berbahaya, lakukan deeskalasi, hentikan obat yang merugikan, minta bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, sampaikan kenyataan, hindari penghiburan palsu dan pertanyaan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.

2Soal latihan

1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang

A man taking risperidone reports breast enlargement and his partner says he has lost interest in sex. Which effect is the most likely cause?

  1. ARaised prolactin
  2. BRaised blood calcium
  3. CLow blood sodium
  4. DLow thyroid hormone
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit

A man with schizophrenia who has been well for 2 years wants to stop his antipsychotic. Which approach best reflects recovery-oriented care?

  1. AAdvise him to stop it suddenly on his own and see what happens over the next month
  2. BDiscuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
  3. CReport him to the police and his employer for non-adherence to treatment
  4. DTell him he must take it for life and refuse to discuss it
3.Psikologi klinisSedang

Gangguan kepribadian mana yang ditandai pola menyeluruh mengabaikan hak orang lain?

  1. AGangguan kepribadian menghindar
  2. BGangguan kepribadian ambang (borderline)
  3. CGangguan kepribadian antisosial
  4. DGangguan kepribadian dependen
4.Psikologi klinisSulit

Pernyataan mana tentang efek plasebo dalam uji antidepresan yang paling tepat?

  1. APlasebo hanya bekerja pada penyakit fisik
  2. BRespons plasebo begitu kuat sehingga antidepresan tidak pernah menunjukkan manfaat di atasnya dalam uji klinis
  3. CTingkat respons plasebo cukup besar, sehingga uji klinis memerlukan kelompok kontrol untuk menunjukkan efek obat
  4. DEfek plasebo tidak pernah terjadi pada depresi
5.FarmakologiSedang

In which patient is bupropion contraindicated?

  1. AA patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder
  2. BA patient with high blood cholesterol and a family history of it
  3. CA patient with seasonal allergies
  4. DA patient who wants to stop smoking
6.FarmakologiSulit

Before starting long-term bisphosphonate treatment, a patient is advised to have a dental check-up. Why?

  1. ABisphosphonates cause severe gum overgrowth
  2. BBisphosphonates dissolve tooth enamel within weeks
  3. CBisphosphonates stain the teeth black if taken for many years
  4. DThey are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery

3Larutan

1.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: A · Raised prolactin

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Blocking dopamine in the tuberoinfundibular pathway raises prolactin. This can cause gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, menstrual problems and sexual dysfunction; risperidone and first-generation antipsychotics commonly cause it.

Jawaban

A · Raised prolactin
2.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: B · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Recovery-oriented care values the person's choices and shared decision-making. Any change is planned with the prescriber, often by tapering slowly, with clear early warning signs and a plan for what to do if they appear.

Jawaban

B · Discuss benefits and risks, decide together with the prescriber and agree a relapse plan
3.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: C · Gangguan kepribadian antisosial

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Gangguan kepribadian antisosial mencakup tipu daya, impulsivitas, agresi, dan tidak adanya penyesalan, dengan bukti gangguan perilaku pada masa kanak-kanak.

Jawaban

C · Gangguan kepribadian antisosial
4.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: C · Tingkat respons plasebo cukup besar, sehingga uji klinis memerlukan kelompok kontrol untuk menunjukkan efek obat

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Respons plasebo dalam uji depresi sering mencapai 30–40%, sehingga diperlukan desain acak terkontrol plasebo untuk menunjukkan efek spesifik suatu obat.

Jawaban

C · Tingkat respons plasebo cukup besar, sehingga uji klinis memerlukan kelompok kontrol untuk menunjukkan efek obat
5.Farmakologi

Jawaban: A · A patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Bupropion increases the risk of seizures, especially with bulimia or anorexia, where electrolyte disturbances are common. It is used for depression and as a smoking cessation aid.

Jawaban

A · A patient with a seizure disorder or an eating disorder
6.Farmakologi

Jawaban: D · They are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a rare but serious adverse effect, mostly after invasive dental work. Dental problems are treated before starting, and good oral hygiene is maintained.

Jawaban

D · They are linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental surgery

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