Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
Which information is essential when documenting the use of physical restraint?
AThe nurse's personal opinion of the patient's character and attitude
BThe reason for it, alternatives tried, start and end times, and the observations made
CThe full names of the other patients who saw the incident
DOnly the time the restraint started and the name of the nurse in charge of the shift
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
A patient who was admitted after a serious suicide attempt says, "I'm angry they saved me. Next time I'll do it properly." What should the nurse do?
AMaintain close observation, report the statement and reassess the risk with the team
BReduce observation because he is talking openly about his feelings
CTell him that he should be grateful to be alive and think about how his family would feel
DChange the subject to something more positive, such as his family and his plans for after discharge
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Perbedaan utama antara gangguan buatan (factitious disorder) dan malingering adalah bahwa pada malingering:
AOrang itu berusaha mengambil peran sakit itu sendiri, tanpa keuntungan eksternal yang jelas
BOrang itu benar-benar memiliki penyakit fisik
CGejala dipalsukan demi imbalan eksternal yang jelas, seperti uang atau menghindari pekerjaan
DGejala dihasilkan secara tidak sadar tanpa niat apa pun
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Mengapa model medis penyakit mental dikritik oleh pendukung pendekatan psikologis?
AModel ini menolak penggunaan obat sama sekali
BModel ini dapat mengabaikan penyebab psikologis dan sosial serta mengurangi rasa agensi seseorang
CModel ini menyangkal bahwa otak dan faktor biologis berperan dalam perilaku atau emosi
DModel ini hanya didasarkan pada analisis mimpi
5.FarmakologiSedang
A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?
A"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"
B"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"
C"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
D"Have you taken paracetamol today?"
6.FarmakologiSulit
A 19-year-old woman is starting isotretinoin for severe acne. Which requirement is most important?
ATaking the drug only at weekends
BReliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
CWeekly hearing tests and monthly eye examinations during treatment
DA high-vitamin A diet to boost the effect
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: B · The reason for it, alternatives tried, start and end times, and the observations made
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Documentation records the reason, alternatives tried, who authorised and carried out the restraint, when it started and ended, the observations made and any injuries. This supports safety and accountability.
Jawaban
B · The reason for it, alternatives tried, start and end times, and the observations made
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: A · Maintain close observation, report the statement and reassess the risk with the team
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Anger at surviving and stated future intent show high, ongoing risk. Close observation continues, the team reassesses the risk, and the nurse explores his feelings without judging him.
Jawaban
A · Maintain close observation, report the statement and reassess the risk with the team
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: C · Gejala dipalsukan demi imbalan eksternal yang jelas, seperti uang atau menghindari pekerjaan
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Keduanya melibatkan pemalsuan yang disengaja. Pada gangguan buatan motifnya adalah ingin dipandang sakit tanpa imbalan eksternal yang jelas; pada malingering ada insentif eksternal yang jelas. Malingering bukan gangguan mental dalam DSM-5.
Jawaban
C · Gejala dipalsukan demi imbalan eksternal yang jelas, seperti uang atau menghindari pekerjaan
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: B · Model ini dapat mengabaikan penyebab psikologis dan sosial serta mengurangi rasa agensi seseorang
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Model medis memperlakukan gangguan sebagai penyakit dengan penyebab biologis, yang mengurangi rasa bersalah tetapi dapat mengabaikan peristiwa hidup, makna, dan konteks, serta dapat mendorong ketergantungan pasif pada obat.
Jawaban
B · Model ini dapat mengabaikan penyebab psikologis dan sosial serta mengurangi rasa agensi seseorang
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · "Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Allergy history must be checked before any first antibiotic dose. Cephalosporins share the beta-lactam ring with penicillins, so a history of severe penicillin allergy is important.
Jawaban
C · "Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: B · Reliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Isotretinoin causes severe birth defects. Pregnancy prevention programmes require effective contraception and regular pregnancy tests before, during and after treatment.
Jawaban
B · Reliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic