Keperawatan Jiwa: paket kilat

Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 6 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.

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1Rumus dan metode

Keperawatan jiwa

Metode

  1. Tentukan apakah ada risiko yang mengancam saat ini: bunuh diri, kekerasan, kegawatan akibat obat, atau penyakit fisik.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan lebih dulu: observasi, singkirkan sarana yang berbahaya, lakukan deeskalasi, hentikan obat yang merugikan, minta bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, sampaikan kenyataan, hindari penghiburan palsu dan pertanyaan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.

2Soal latihan

1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang

A patient from a culture in which communication with ancestors is common says she sometimes hears her late grandmother giving advice. What is the most appropriate nursing approach?

  1. ARecord it immediately as a command hallucination
  2. BExplore the experience in her cultural context before calling it a symptom
  3. CAvoid asking about it, because culture is not relevant to mental health
  4. DTell her that her beliefs are not real
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit

A behaviour plan states that staff will no longer give attention to a child's tantrums but will praise calm behaviour. For the first few days, the tantrums become worse. What does this most likely show?

  1. AAn extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases
  2. BThat the tantrums are caused by a physical illness
  3. CThat the plan has failed and should be stopped immediately
  4. DThat the child needs firm punishment for each tantrum instead
3.Psikologi klinisSedang

Pola mana yang mendefinisikan gangguan bipolar II?

  1. AHanya episode depresi mayor, tanpa suasana hati meningkat
  2. BSetidaknya satu episode manik penuh dengan ciri psikotik
  3. CSetidaknya satu episode hipomanik dan setidaknya satu episode depresi mayor
  4. DBanyak perubahan suasana hati ringan selama setidaknya dua tahun tanpa episode suasana hati penuh
4.Psikologi klinisSulit

Seorang peneliti menemukan bahwa anak adopsi yang ibu biologisnya menderita skizofrenia lebih sering mengalaminya daripada anak adopsi yang ibu biologisnya tidak, meskipun dibesarkan oleh keluarga yang tidak terdampak. Apa yang dapat dipisahkan oleh desain ini?

  1. AEfek obat antipsikotik dari efek terapi psikologis
  2. BDiagnosis menurut DSM dari diagnosis menurut ICD
  3. CGejala positif dari gejala negatif
  4. DPengaruh genetik dari efek lingkungan pengasuhan
5.FarmakologiSedang

A woman taking tamoxifen should report which symptom promptly?

  1. AMild hot flushes, especially at night, in the first months
  2. BSlightly dry skin
  3. CUnusual vaginal bleeding or a painful swollen leg
  4. DMild tiredness in the afternoon
6.FarmakologiSulit

Why is strict aseptic technique and a limited hang time needed for propofol infusions?

  1. AIts lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
  2. BPropofol breaks down into a toxic gas after a few hours
  3. CPropofol becomes more potent the longer it hangs
  4. DLight exposure changes propofol into an opioid

3Larutan

1.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: B · Explore the experience in her cultural context before calling it a symptom

Mengapa ini jawabannya

A belief or experience that is accepted in the person's culture is not classed as a delusion or hallucination in itself. The nurse explores its meaning, how it is shared by others and whether it causes distress.

Jawaban

B · Explore the experience in her cultural context before calling it a symptom
2.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: A · An extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases

Mengapa ini jawabannya

When a reinforced behaviour stops being rewarded, it often increases temporarily (an extinction burst) before declining. Consistency by all staff is essential, while safety is always maintained.

Jawaban

A · An extinction burst, which is expected before the behaviour decreases
3.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: C · Setidaknya satu episode hipomanik dan setidaknya satu episode depresi mayor

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Bipolar II mensyaratkan episode hipomanik dan depresi mayor tetapi tanpa episode manik. Satu episode manik saja menghasilkan diagnosis bipolar I.

Jawaban

C · Setidaknya satu episode hipomanik dan setidaknya satu episode depresi mayor
4.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: D · Pengaruh genetik dari efek lingkungan pengasuhan

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Studi adopsi, seperti studi Heston dan studi Denmark, memisahkan risiko genetik dari lingkungan keluarga karena anak dibesarkan jauh dari orang tua biologisnya.

Jawaban

D · Pengaruh genetik dari efek lingkungan pengasuhan
5.Farmakologi

Jawaban: C · Unusual vaginal bleeding or a painful swollen leg

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Tamoxifen has oestrogen-like effects on the uterus and clotting, increasing the risk of endometrial cancer and venous thromboembolism. Hot flushes are common and expected.

Jawaban

C · Unusual vaginal bleeding or a painful swollen leg
6.Farmakologi

Jawaban: A · Its lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Propofol is formulated in a soybean oil emulsion, which is a good growth medium for bacteria. Contaminated propofol has caused sepsis, so it is handled aseptically and tubing and containers are changed at set intervals.

Jawaban

A · Its lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing