Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Berdasarkan Mental Capacity Act 2005 (Inggris dan Wales), apa asumsi awal tentang kapasitas orang dewasa?

1. AOrang dewasa memiliki kapasitas kecuali terbukti tidak memilikinya
2. BLansia diasumsikan tidak memiliki kapasitas
3. CKapasitas hanya diasumsikan jika kerabat setuju
4. DOrang dewasa tidak memiliki kapasitas sampai dokter memastikan sebaliknya secara resmi

Why is heat usually avoided on a fresh soft-tissue injury during the first day?

1. AIt makes the muscles weaker for several weeks
2. BIt narrows blood vessels and reduces blood flow to the injury
3. CIt widens blood vessels and can increase swelling and bleeding
4. DIt numbs the area so the patient cannot feel pain

Apa tujuan penulisan "Tall Man", seperti pada hydrOXYzine dan hydrALAZINE?

1. AMenunjukkan kekuatan obat
2. BMembuat nama obat yang mirip lebih mudah dibedakan
3. CMenunjukkan yang mana dari kedua obat yang termasuk obat kewaspadaan tinggi
4. DMenunjukkan nama merek

Saat penggantian balutan kateter sentral secara steril, seorang rekan menjangkau melintasi area steril yang terbuka untuk memberikan gulungan plester kepada perawat. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMenutup area dengan duk steril dan melanjutkan di atasnya
2. BHanya membuang alat yang paling dekat dengan tempat lengan melintas
3. CMenganggap area terkontaminasi dan menyiapkan yang baru
4. DMelanjutkan, karena rekan tidak menyentuh alat steril mana pun

An anxious patient is breathing very fast and has tingling fingers. The blood gas shows pH 7,51 and PaCO₂ 29 mmHg (3,9 kPa). What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive oxygen at the highest flow and leave the room
2. BStay with the patient and coach slow, calm breathing
3. CGive IV sodium bicarbonate as soon as it can be found
4. DEncourage the patient to breathe even faster

A patient at 34 weeks of pregnancy has painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. Which action should the nurse avoid?

1. AMonitoring the fetal heart rate
2. BWeighing the pads to estimate blood loss
3. CMeasuring the blood pressure and pulse
4. DA vaginal examination

A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?

1. ANasal cannula at 2 L/min
2. BNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
3. CSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up
4. DVenturi mask set to 24%

During a blood transfusion, an older patient with heart failure becomes breathless with a rising blood pressure, raised JVP and crackles in the lungs. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAnaphylaxis
2. BTransfusion-related acute lung injury with hypotension
3. CTransfusion-associated circulatory overload
4. DA febrile non-haemolytic reaction

A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?

1. AProtein in the urine
2. BNitrites in the urine
3. CGlucose in the urine
4. DKetones in the urine

The nurse teaches a patient with severe neutropenia after chemotherapy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
2. B"I'll call the clinic if my temperature rises"
3. C"I'll avoid people who have a cold or the flu"
4. D"I'll wash my hands before eating and after the toilet"

Bagaimana penghambat SGLT2 seperti empagliflozin menurunkan glukosa darah?

1. AObat ini merangsang pelepasan insulin dari sel beta
2. BObat ini meningkatkan pengeluaran glukosa melalui urine
3. CObat ini membuat hati menyimpan lebih banyak glikogen
4. DObat ini memperlambat pengosongan lambung

A patient has a serum potassium of 7,0 mmol/L (mEq/L) and peaked T waves on the ECG. Which drug is given first to protect the heart?

1. AOral potassium chloride
2. BOral sodium polystyrene sulfonate
3. CIntravenous calcium gluconate
4. DIntravenous furosemide

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be falsely low
2. BOnly the pulse rate will be affected
3. CThe reading will be accurate but slower
4. DThe reading will be falsely high

After an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting that responded to adrenaline (epinephrine), a patient asks to go home immediately. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AStay in hospital for at least two weeks on daily intravenous antihistamines
2. BGo home and take antihistamines only if the throat swells
3. CStay for observation, then go home with an adrenaline auto-injector and teaching
4. DGo home straight away, because anaphylaxis never recurs once adrenaline has worked

A patient has just started levetiracetam. Which side effect should the nurse teach them to report?

1. AOrange discoloration of the urine
2. BSwelling and overgrowth of the gums around the teeth
3. CA persistent dry cough at night
4. DChanges in mood, such as irritability, low mood or anger

A patient with suspected meningitis has a GCS of 9 and pupils that have become unequal. A doctor plans an immediate lumbar puncture. What is the main concern?

1. AThe patient is too confused to stay still, so it is not needed
2. BA lumbar puncture would spread the infection to the blood
3. CRaised pressure in the skull, so the procedure could cause herniation
4. DThere is no concern, because the lumbar puncture lowers pressure safely

How should pancreatic enzyme replacement capsules usually be taken?

1. AOnce a day at bedtime
2. BOnly on days with abdominal pain
3. COne hour after meals, on an empty stomach
4. DWith every meal and snack

Seorang pasien kanker paru mengalami pembengkakan wajah, vena leher distensi, dan sesak napas yang memburuk saat berbaring. Kegawatan mana yang mungkin?

1. AHiperkalsemia akibat keganasan
2. BEmboli paru masif
3. CObstruksi vena kava superior
4. DKompresi medula spinalis

A woman on day 3 after a caesarean has calf pain, swelling and warmth in one leg. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply a heating pad and reassess tomorrow
2. BMassage the calf to relieve the cramp
3. CReport it promptly and avoid massaging the leg
4. DEncourage her to do vigorous leg exercises

Which newborn finding should prompt checks for kidney and other anomalies?

1. AMilia on the nose
2. BAcrocyanosis in the first hours
3. CMild moulding of the head
4. DA single umbilical artery

A child with suspected appendicitis is waiting for surgery. Which action must the nurse avoid?

1. ARegular pain assessment
2. BKeeping the child nil by mouth
3. CGiving IV fluids as prescribed
4. DPutting a heat pad on the abdomen

Which finding in an infant with suspected reflux needs prompt medical review?

1. AHiccups after feeds that settle on their own
2. BSmall posseting after feeds in a contented, growing baby
3. CSpitting up more after a large feed
4. DPoor weight gain, refusing feeds and blood in the vomit

A patient with PTSD begins to dissociate during a conversation. Which grounding technique can the nurse use?

1. AAsk her to name things she can see, hear and touch in the room right now
2. BLeave her alone until the episode has passed on its own
3. CAsk her to describe the traumatic event in as much detail as she can
4. DAsk her to close her eyes and think back to the worst moment of the trauma

A patient who was admitted after a serious suicide attempt says, "I'm angry they saved me. Next time I'll do it properly." What should the nurse do?

1. AMaintain close observation, report the statement and reassess the risk with the team
2. BReduce observation because he is talking openly about his feelings
3. CChange the subject to something more positive, such as his family and his plans for after discharge
4. DTell him that he should be grateful to be alive and think about how his family would feel

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien memiliki tinggi 5 ft 8 in. Dengan 1 ft = 12 in dan 1 in = 2,54 cm, cari tinggi h dalam sentimeter, ke sentimeter bulat terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 1 tsp suspensi oral tiga kali sehari selama 10 hari. Suspensi tersedia dalam botol 100 mL. Dengan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa botol utuh N yang harus disediakan agar pengobatan lengkap?

Seorang pasien berbobot 30 kg. Dosis yang diresepkan 10 mg/kg per hari, diberikan dalam 3 dosis yang sama. Berapa miligram D yang diberikan per dosis?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 20 kg diresepkan 12,5 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 250 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 5 jam dengan set 10 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

500 mL diresepkan selama 8 jam. Setelah 4 jam Anda mendapati masih ada 280 mL di kantong, dan infus tetap harus selesai tepat waktu. Berapa persen Δ laju pompa awal harus dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Berat badan pasien 50 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus 500 mL dimulai pada pukul 10:30 dengan laju 80 mL/h. Setelah 2 jam lajunya diubah menjadi 50 mL/h dan tidak diubah lagi. Berapa jam t setelah dimulai kantong akan kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan setelah cedera kepala membuka mata hanya terhadap tekanan (rangsang nyeri), mengucapkan kata-kata yang tidak sesuai dan acak, dan menunjukkan respons motorik terbaik: menarik anggota gerak dari tekanan (fleksi normal). Hitung GCS dan klasifikasikan cedera kepala berdasarkan GCS tersebut. Klik jawaban Anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sedang
3. 3berat

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 14/menit, SpO₂ 96% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 90/54 mmHg, nadi 130/menit, baru mengalami kebingungan, suhu 38,0 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi