Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Apa itu persetujuan tindakan (informed consent)?

1. APersetujuan sukarela dari pasien yang cakap setelah menerima informasi yang memadai
2. BTanda tangan anggota keluarga mana pun
3. CFormulir bertanda tangan yang membebaskan petugas dari semua tanggung jawab atas bahaya apa pun akibat prosedur
4. DPersetujuan yang diperoleh setelah tindakan

In an emergency a doctor gives a verbal order for a medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it and tell the doctor nothing more
2. BRefuse to give any medicine until a written prescription has been completed
3. CWrite it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
4. DAsk another nurse to remember the order

Dua pasien yang terinfeksi organisme yang sama dirawat, dan tidak ada ruang tunggal yang tersedia. Apa pilihan yang dapat diterima?

1. AMenempatkan mereka dalam satu ruangan (kohorting), sesuai saran pengendalian infeksi
2. BMenghentikan kewaspadaan kontak
3. CMenempatkan masing-masing bersama pasien yang daya tahan tubuhnya lemah
4. DMenempatkan mereka di koridor

A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised eosinophil count. Which cause is most consistent with this finding?

1. AA viral infection such as a cold
2. BBone marrow suppression from chemotherapy
3. CAn acute bacterial infection
4. DAn allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

A patient speaks little English, and the nurse needs to explain a new procedure. What is the best way to communicate?

1. AAsk the patient’s 10-year-old child to translate
2. BSpeak loudly and slowly in English
3. CUse a professional medical interpreter
4. DUse hand gestures and hope the patient understands

Two hours after a femoral cardiac catheterization, the nurse sees blood spreading from the puncture site. What is the first action?

1. AApply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site
2. BAsk the patient to bend the leg at the hip to stop the bleeding
3. CRemove the dressing and leave the site open to the air
4. DRaise the head of the bed so the patient can sit up

Which of these is one of the "4 Hs", the reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

1. AHypoxia
2. BHyperthyroidism
3. CHyperventilation
4. DHypertension

Seorang pasien setelah operasi besar mengalami tekanan darah yang menurun, denyut jantung yang meningkat, dan perut yang bengkak dan tegang, meskipun balutan luka kering. Apa yang harus dicurigai?

1. AKonstipasi
2. BInfeksi saluran kemih
3. CPembengkakan pascaoperasi normal yang tidak perlu dikhawatirkan
4. DPerdarahan internal

Seorang pasien memiliki hematokrit 54%, BUN tinggi, dan berat jenis urine 1,034. Apa yang disarankan oleh pola ini?

1. AGagal ginjal dengan urine encer
2. BDehidrasi dengan hemokonsentrasi
3. CKelebihan cairan
4. DKehilangan darah akut dengan pengenceran

Which patient's result should the nurse act on first?

1. APlatelets 140 × 10³/µL in a patient with mild chronic liver disease
2. BHemoglobin 6,4 g/dL (64 g/L) with new chest pain and a pulse of 124/min
3. CHemoglobin 9,6 g/dL (96 g/L) in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
4. DFerritin 15 ng/mL in a well patient with known iron-deficiency anemia on oral iron

Which adverse effect of ciprofloxacin should a patient report at once?

1. AMild tiredness in the first few days
2. BPain or swelling in a tendon, such as the Achilles tendon
3. CA slightly bitter or metallic taste for a while after each dose
4. DDarker stools than usual

On admission, a patient's home medicine list includes warfarin for atrial fibrillation, but warfarin is not on the admission orders. What should the nurse do?

1. AClarify the omission with the prescriber (medication reconciliation)
2. BTell the patient to stop warfarin permanently
3. CAssume the omission is intended and do nothing
4. DGive the patient's own warfarin brought from home without an order

Mengapa penyekat beta tidak boleh dihentikan mendadak pada pasien penyakit jantung iskemik?

1. APenghentian mendadak menyebabkan hipoglikemia berat dan berkepanjangan
2. BObat tetap tersimpan di jaringan selama beberapa bulan setelahnya
3. CDenyut jantung menjadi lambat permanen setelahnya
4. DTakikardia dan hipertensi rebound dapat memicu angina atau infark miokard

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery
2. BThe left subclavian artery
3. CThe circumflex artery
4. DThe right coronary artery and its branches

Kumpulan hasil mana yang paling mendukung KAD dibandingkan HHS?

1. AGlukosa di atas 30 mmol/L dengan pH normal
2. BKeton normal dan bikarbonat normal
3. COsmolalitas sangat tinggi dengan hanya sedikit keton dalam darah
4. DKeton tinggi, pH di bawah 7,3, dan bikarbonat rendah

A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?

1. ANeither, until symptoms appear
2. BHydrocortisone
3. CBoth on the same day, in any order
4. DLevothyroxine

Mengapa luka bakar superfisial (hanya kemerahan, seperti terbakar matahari) tidak dihitung saat menghitung luas luka bakar untuk resusitasi cairan?

1. ASawar kulit utuh, sehingga sedikit cairan hilang
2. BMenyebabkan kehilangan cairan lebih banyak daripada kedalaman lain mana pun
3. CSelalu sembuh sepenuhnya dalam satu hari
4. DSelalu terlalu kecil untuk diukur secara akurat pada bagan

A patient with advanced cancer who has capacity decides to stop chemotherapy. The family insists that treatment must continue. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the family to sign a new consent form
2. BTell the patient that stopping is not allowed
3. CSupport the patient's decision and help the team talk with the family
4. DContinue treatment because the family has asked for it

Which finding in a term newborn's first hours is normal?

1. AA respiratory rate of 80 at rest with retractions
2. BShort breathing pauses with no colour change
3. CPauses in breathing of 30 seconds with bradycardia
4. DCentral cyanosis of the lips and tongue

Suhu aksila bayi baru lahir adalah 36,0 °C. Apa tindakan pertama yang paling tepat?

1. AMenunggu observasi rutin berikutnya
2. BMenempatkan bayi kulit ke kulit dengan ibu, ditutupi selimut, dengan topi terpasang
3. CMembiarkan bayi tanpa pakaian di boks bayi untuk mengamati warna kulit dengan cermat
4. DLangsung memandikan bayi dengan air hangat

A child is receiving IV morphine. Which assessments are most important?

1. APeak flow and inhaler technique
2. BRespiratory rate and level of sedation
3. CBlood glucose and urine ketones
4. DHead circumference and fontanelle tension

A 2-week-old suddenly starts vomiting bright green fluid. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure the parents that this is normal reflux
2. BChange to a lactose-free formula
3. CTreat it as a surgical emergency and get urgent medical review
4. DAdvise smaller, more frequent feeds and review the baby in a week

A patient who started lithium 2 weeks ago has a fine tremor of the hands and is passing more urine than usual. Her level is within the therapeutic range. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AThese are definite signs of severe lithium toxicity, so emergency dialysis is needed straight away
2. BThese symptoms mean that the lithium is not working, so the dose should be stopped and a new drug chosen
3. CThese are signs of an allergic reaction, so she should never take lithium again
4. DThese are common side effects that are not by themselves signs of toxicity, but they should be reported and monitored

A man whose wife died a month ago is rude and angry with the nurses about small things. What is the best understanding of his behaviour?

1. AHe has antisocial personality disorder that was not noticed before
2. BHe does not care about his wife's death and is using it as an excuse to be rude
3. CHis anger may be part of grief, displaced onto staff, so she should not take it personally
4. DHe should be told that his behaviour is unacceptable and that visits will be stopped

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 40,9 °C. Konversikan ke derajat Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 1 tbsp suspensi oral setiap 8 jam selama 7 hari. Dengan 1 tbsp = 15 mL, berapa mL V yang dibutuhkan untuk seluruh pengobatan?

Seorang pasien berbobot 45 kg. Dosis yang diresepkan 20 mg/kg per hari, diberikan dalam 4 dosis yang sama. Berapa miligram D yang diberikan per dosis?

Sebuah infus berisi 20000 unit obat dalam 500 mL. Resepnya 800 unit per jam. Pada laju berapa R Anda mengatur pompa, dalam mL/h?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 3 jam dengan set 10 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 250 mg obat dalam 50 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 15 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih). Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 125 mL/h. Pada pukul 09:30, 300 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 12/menit, SpO₂ 90% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 130/78 mmHg, nadi 58/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 36,6 °C. Berapa total skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Tim menargetkan tekanan arteri rata-rata minimal 70 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik seorang pasien adalah 106 mmHg. Dengan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, berapa tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberi MAP 70 mmHg?