Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 16 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.
“The temperature dropped below freezing overnight. In the morning, the puddles on the path were hard and slippery.” Why were the puddles hard?
A clinic policy reads: “Patients more than 15 minutes late may be asked to rebook. Patients who call ahead to say they are running late will be seen if time allows.” A patient arrives 20 minutes late without calling. What is most likely to happen?
Sebuah resep memakai 3 cangkir tepung untuk 2 adonan muffin. Dengan perbandingan yang sama, berapa cangkir tepung x yang diperlukan untuk 11 adonan?
Pada peta, 1 cm mewakili 5 km. Dua kota berjarak 72,5 km. Berapa jarak keduanya x pada peta, dalam sentimeter?
Di struktur mana sperma matang dan disimpan setelah meninggalkan testis?
Setelah persalinan sulit dengan tarikan pada leher, lengan bayi tergantung di samping tubuh, berotasi ke dalam dengan lengan bawah pronasi ("waiter's tip"). Bagian pleksus brakialis mana yang cedera?
Albumin plasma yang rendah, seperti pada penyakit hati berat, menyebabkan edema terutama karena:
Pada penyakit Graves, hasil fungsi tiroid apa yang diharapkan dan mengapa?
Many vitamins act as coenzymes. What does this mean?
An Rh-negative mother gives birth to an Rh-positive baby. Why could a later Rh-positive pregnancy be at risk?
What is the oxidation number of an element in its uncombined (elemental) form, such as Fe or O₂?
Ethene has the structure H₂C=CH₂. How many electrons are shared between the two carbon atoms?
Choose the correct word: “Take a deep ___ and hold it.”
Choose the correct verb: “Two-thirds of the medication ___ been used.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Smoking increases morbidity from heart and lung disease.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The wound edges were approximated with sutures.”
Jawaban: A · The water in them had frozen into ice.
Water freezes into ice below freezing temperatures, making the puddles hard and slippery.
Jawaban: B · The patient may be asked to book another time.
The patient is more than 15 minutes late and did not call ahead, so the first rule applies: they may be asked to rebook. No fine or cancellation is mentioned.
Jawaban: x = 16,5 cangkir
Rasio dan proporsi: rasio a : b membandingkan dua besaran. Dalam proporsi dua rasio sama, a/b = c/d, dan Anda menyelesaikannya dengan perkalian silang: a·d = b·c. Untuk membagi suatu jumlah dengan rasio m : n, bagi menjadi m + n bagian yang sama; satu bagian terdiri dari m bagian, bagian lainnya n bagian.
Jawaban: x = 14,5 cm
Laju dan skala: kecepatan = jarak ÷ waktu, dengan waktu dalam satuan jawaban (2 jam 15 menit = 2,25 jam, karena 15 menit = 15/60 jam). Skala peta adalah proporsi: 1 cm pada peta mewakili jarak tetap di lapangan, jadi kalikan jarak pada peta dengan skala itu.
Jawaban: C · Epididimis
Sperma dibuat di tubulus seminiferus, lalu matang dan disimpan di epididimis sebelum masuk ke duktus deferens.
Jawaban: C · Trunkus superior (C5–C6)
Erb's palsy terjadi setelah peregangan trunkus superior (C5–C6), yang melumpuhkan deltoid, rotator eksterna, dan biseps. Cedera trunkus inferior (Klumpke) justru mengenai otot-otot kecil tangan.
Jawaban: B · Tekanan onkotik plasma turun
Albumin menghasilkan sebagian besar tekanan onkotik plasma yang menarik cairan kembali ke kapiler. Ketika albumin turun, lebih banyak cairan tertinggal di jaringan.
Jawaban: A · T4 tinggi dan TSH rendah, karena antibodi merangsang reseptor TSH
Antibodi reseptor TSH merangsang tiroid tanpa bergantung pada TSH. T4 dan T3 yang tinggi kemudian menekan TSH hipofisis melalui umpan balik negatif.
Jawaban: C · They help enzymes carry out their reactions
Coenzymes are small organic molecules, often made from vitamins, that bind to enzymes and help them work. This is why vitamin deficiencies can block important reactions.
Jawaban: B · She may have made anti-D antibodies that cross the placenta
Exposure to the baby's RhD-positive cells can sensitise the mother, so she makes anti-D antibodies. In a later pregnancy these can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red cells (haemolytic disease of the newborn). Anti-D immunoglobulin is given to prevent sensitisation.
Jawaban: D · 0
An element on its own has an oxidation number of 0, because there is no transfer or unequal sharing of electrons with a different element.
Jawaban: C · 4
The two carbons are joined by a double bond, which is two shared pairs, so 4 electrons. Each carbon also forms two single bonds to hydrogen, giving 4 bonds per carbon.
Jawaban: A · breath
“Breath” (short e sound) is the noun. “Breathe” (long e sound) is the verb, as in “Breathe slowly.”
Jawaban: B · has
A fraction takes its number from the noun after “of”. “Medication” is singular here, so the verb is “has”.
Jawaban: D · Illness
Morbidity refers to illness or disease; mortality refers to death.
Jawaban: B · Brought close together
In medicine, to approximate wound edges is to bring them together so the wound can heal. In everyday use it can also mean “estimate”.
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