Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 16 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.
The river flooded after a week of heavy rain. Water covered the main road, so the town closed it and set up a detour through the hills. What caused the town to close the main road?
A study abstract states: “Participants who drank green tea daily reported fewer colds. However, they also exercised more and smoked less than the other participants.” Why does the second sentence matter?
Sebuah lingkaran berjari-jari 12 cm. Dengan π ≈ 3,14, cari luasnya A.
Pecahan atau bilangan campuran paling sederhana mana yang sama dengan 196%? Klik jawabannya.
Di bagian nefron mana sebagian besar reabsorpsi air dan natrium terjadi?
Prolaps diskus sentral yang besar di L4–L5 menyebabkan saddle anaesthesia (mati rasa daerah sadel), retensi urine, dan kelemahan kedua tungkai. Struktur apa yang tertekan?
Dalam bentuk apa sebagian besar karbon dioksida diangkut dalam darah?
Sebuah emboli paru menghambat aliran darah ke daerah paru yang terventilasi baik. Bagaimana rasio ventilasi–perfusi (V/Q) daerah itu berubah?
Which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
An old idea says giraffes got long necks because each one stretched to reach leaves and passed the longer neck to its young. Why is this idea rejected?
In a closed container, 10 g of substance A reacts completely with 5 g of substance B. What is the total mass of the products?
A solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L. What is its pH at 25 °C?
Which sentence uses a colon correctly to introduce an explanation?
Which revision removes the redundancy? “The patient returned back to the clinic at 3 p.m. in the afternoon.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The artery was occluded by a clot.”
What does the term cardiomyopathy mean?
Jawaban: C · Flood water covering the main road
The sentence says water covered the main road, so the town closed it. The word “so” links the cause to the effect.
Jawaban: C · Other differences between the groups might explain the result.
The tea drinkers also differed in exercise and smoking, so these confounding factors could explain the fewer colds.
Jawaban: A = 452,2 cm²
Keliling, luas, dan volume: keliling adalah jarak di sekeliling suatu bangun (persegi panjang: 2p + 2l). Luas diukur dalam satuan persegi: persegi panjang p × l, segitiga ½ × alas × tinggi, lingkaran π·r². Keliling lingkaran adalah π·d = 2π·r. Volume dalam satuan kubik: balok p × l × t, tabung π·r²·t. Gunakan nilai π yang diberikan soal.
Jawaban: 1 24/25
Pecahan, desimal, dan persen adalah tiga cara menulis bilangan yang sama. Pecahan → desimal: bagi pembilang dengan penyebut. Desimal → persen: kalikan 100 (geser koma dua tempat ke kanan). Persen → desimal: bagi 100. Desimal → pecahan: tulis angkanya di atas 10, 100, atau 1000 (satu nol untuk setiap angka di belakang koma) lalu sederhanakan.
Jawaban: D · Tubulus kontortus proksimal
Tubulus kontortus proksimal menyerap kembali sekitar dua pertiga natrium dan air yang tersaring, ditambah hampir seluruh glukosa dan asam amino.
Jawaban: D · Kauda ekuina
Di bawah L1–L2 kanalis berisi kauda ekuina. Penekanan sentral pada radiks lumbal dan sakral ini menyebabkan sindrom kauda ekuina, suatu kegawatan bedah.
Jawaban: B · Sebagai ion bikarbonat dalam plasma
Sekitar 70% CO₂ diangkut sebagai bikarbonat. Karbonat anhidrase di sel darah merah mengubah CO₂ dan air menjadi asam karbonat, yang terurai menjadi H⁺ dan HCO₃⁻.
Jawaban: D · Menjadi sangat tinggi, berperan sebagai ruang rugi
Ventilasi tanpa perfusi menghasilkan rasio V/Q yang sangat tinggi (ruang rugi). Pirau, seperti pada pneumonia, adalah kebalikannya: perfusi tanpa ventilasi.
Jawaban: B · Photosynthesis
Plants, algae and some bacteria take in CO₂ during photosynthesis and build it into sugars. Respiration, combustion and decomposition all release CO₂.
Jawaban: D · Changes acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
This is Lamarck's idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Traits gained by use, such as stretched muscles, do not change the DNA in gametes. Darwin's natural selection explains the change through inherited variation instead.
Jawaban: D · 15 g
By the law of conservation of mass, the products have the same total mass as the reactants: 10 g + 5 g = 15 g.
Jawaban: B · 11
pOH = −log(10⁻³) = 3, so pH = 14 − 3 = 11. Answering 3 confuses pOH with pH.
Jawaban: B · She had one reason for leaving: she was exhausted.
A colon can follow an independent clause to introduce an explanation, a list or a quotation. It should not split a verb from its object.
Jawaban: A · The patient returned to the clinic at 3 p.m.
“Returned” already means came back, and “p.m.” already means afternoon, so “back” and “in the afternoon” are redundant.
Jawaban: B · Blocked
Occluded means closed off or obstructed.
Jawaban: A · A disease of the heart muscle
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes it harder for the heart to pump.
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