Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 16 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.
Washing hands with soap for at least 20 seconds removes many germs. Soap breaks up the oily layer that holds germs on the skin, and rinsing washes them away. What is the author’s main purpose?
“The children’s faces fell when the teacher announced that the zoo trip had been cancelled. Then she smiled and said, ‘Instead, the zoo is coming to us!’” How do the children’s feelings most likely change?
Gunakan urutan operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = 30 − 3³ + 9 × 9.
Pecahan atau bilangan campuran paling sederhana mana yang sama dengan desimal 3,16? Klik jawabannya.
Dua daerah tulang belakang dewasa mana yang normalnya menunjukkan lordosis (lengkung cekung ke arah belakang)?
Herniasi diskus posterolateral yang khas di antara L4 dan L5 paling sering menekan radiks saraf mana?
Hormon apa yang dilepaskan korteks adrenal sebagai respons terhadap ACTH?
Seorang pasien yang mengalami hiperventilasi saat serangan panik merasakan kesemutan di jari. Apa yang kemungkinan besar ditunjukkan analisis gas darah arteri?
What is a chromosomal translocation?
A leaf with green and white areas is kept in light and then tested with iodine. Only the green areas turn blue-black. What does this show?
A gas mixture contains nitrogen at 600 mmHg, oxygen at 150 mmHg and other gases at 10 mmHg. What is the total pressure?
Which of these is a redox reaction?
Which salutation is punctuated correctly for a formal business letter in American style?
What is the function of the underlined phrase? “She came to the clinic to get a flu shot.”
What does the suffix -uria mean, as in “haematuria”?
Which word means “a surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid”?
Jawaban: B · To explain how handwashing with soap removes germs
The passage gives facts about how soap works, so its purpose is to inform. It names no brand and tells no story.
Jawaban: C · From disappointment to excitement
“Faces fell” shows disappointment at the cancellation, but the news that the zoo is coming to them would likely make them excited.
Jawaban: x = 84
Urutan operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang di dalam tanda kurung lebih dahulu, lalu pangkat, lalu perkalian dan pembagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan terakhir penjumlahan dan pengurangan dari kiri ke kanan. Perkalian tidak selalu mendahului pembagian, dan penjumlahan tidak selalu mendahului pengurangan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan sesuai urutan kemunculannya. Bilangan negatif dalam tanda kurung tetap bertanda saat dikuadratkan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
3³ berarti 3 × 3 × 3.
Jawaban: 3 4/25
Pecahan, desimal, dan persen adalah tiga cara menulis bilangan yang sama. Pecahan → desimal: bagi pembilang dengan penyebut. Desimal → persen: kalikan 100 (geser koma dua tempat ke kanan). Persen → desimal: bagi 100. Desimal → pecahan: tulis angkanya di atas 10, 100, atau 1000 (satu nol untuk setiap angka di belakang koma) lalu sederhanakan.
Jawaban: C · Servikal dan lumbal
Daerah servikal dan lumbal bersifat lordotik (lengkung sekunder). Daerah torakal dan sakral bersifat kifotik (lengkung primer).
Jawaban: B · L5
Herniasi posterolateral L4–L5 biasanya mengenai radiks L5 yang melintas, menyebabkan kelemahan ekstensi ibu jari kaki dan mati rasa di punggung kaki.
Jawaban: B · Kortisol
ACTH dari hipofisis anterior merangsang pelepasan kortisol dari zona fasikulata. Adrenalin berasal dari medula adrenal.
Jawaban: A · pH tinggi dan PaCO₂ rendah
Hiperventilasi membuang CO₂ dan menyebabkan alkalosis respiratorik akut. Alkalosis meningkatkan pengikatan kalsium pada albumin, sehingga menurunkan kalsium terionisasi dan menyebabkan kesemutan.
Jawaban: B · A piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
In a translocation a segment moves to a non-homologous chromosome. Some translocations are linked to cancers, such as the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Jawaban: C · Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis
Iodine turns blue-black in the presence of starch, a product of photosynthesis. Starch formed only in the green parts, which contain chlorophyll, so chlorophyll is required.
Jawaban: B · 760 mmHg
Dalton's law of partial pressures: the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures, 600 + 150 + 10 = 760 mmHg.
Jawaban: B · Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
Zinc goes from 0 to +2 and copper from +2 to 0, so electrons are transferred. In the other reactions every element keeps its oxidation number, so they are not redox.
Jawaban: D · Dear Dr. Smith:
In American business letters a colon follows the salutation, and a comma is used in friendly letters. British letters normally use a comma or no mark (“Dear Dr Smith,”).
Jawaban: D · An infinitive phrase showing purpose
“To get a flu shot” is an infinitive phrase (to + base verb). It acts like an adverb and explains why she came.
Jawaban: D · A condition of the urine
-uria refers to urine: haematuria is blood in the urine and polyuria passing large amounts of urine.
Jawaban: C · Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis (in the UK also called thoracocentesis or pleural aspiration) removes fluid from the pleural space; a thoracotomy is an incision into the chest.
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