Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 16 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.
“The old lighthouse keeper climbed the 120 steps every evening to light the lamp, even when his knees ached, because ships depended on him.” What motivates the lighthouse keeper?
“The nurse noted: ‘Patient states pain is 7 out of 10 at 9 a.m. Medicine given. At 10 a.m., patient states pain is 3 out of 10.’” Which conclusion is best supported by the note?
Hitung x = 8,46 × 2,4 tanpa kalkulator. Berikan nilai eksaknya.
Jumlah dari 2 bilangan bulat berurutan adalah 23. Berapa yang terbesar di antaranya, x?
Di bagian nefron mana sebagian besar reabsorpsi air dan natrium terjadi?
EKG menunjukkan infark di sadapan II, III, dan aVF (dinding inferior). Arteri koroner mana yang paling sering tersumbat?
Hormon apa yang dilepaskan korteks adrenal sebagai respons terhadap ACTH?
Pada stenosis aorta yang sudah lama, bagaimana ventrikel kiri beradaptasi?
In a food chain, which organisms are the producers?
People who carry one sickle cell allele are more resistant to malaria. Why is the allele common in regions where malaria is widespread?
A reaction has a theoretical yield of 20 g, but only 15 g of product is collected. What is the percent yield?
Cotton soaked in ammonia (NH₃) and cotton soaked in hydrogen chloride (HCl) are placed at opposite ends of a glass tube. A white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the HCl end. What does this show?
Choose the correct verb: “The class had already ___ when I arrived.”
Choose the best transition: “Some foods are rich in iron. ___, spinach and lentils contain a lot of it.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Aspirin is contraindicated in children with viral infections.”
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The nurse spoke in a ___ voice so the frightened child would feel safe.”
Jawaban: B · A sense of duty to the ships
He climbs despite pain “because ships depended on him”, which shows a strong sense of responsibility or duty.
Jawaban: B · The patient reported less pain after the medicine.
Pain fell from 7 to 3, so the patient reported less pain after the medicine. Since pain was still 3, it was not removed completely.
Jawaban: x = 20,3
Desimal: untuk menjumlahkan atau mengurangkan, sejajarkan tanda koma desimalnya. Untuk mengalikan, kalikan sebagai bilangan bulat dan beri hasil kali sebanyak angka di belakang koma yang dimiliki kedua faktor bersama-sama. Untuk membagi dengan desimal, geser koma kedua bilangan ke kanan dengan jumlah tempat yang sama sampai pembagi menjadi bilangan bulat.
Kedua faktor bersama-sama memiliki 3 angka di belakang koma.
Jawaban: x = 12
Soal cerita: namai bilangan yang tidak diketahui (misalnya x = jumlah bulan), tulis fakta-faktanya sebagai satu persamaan, selesaikan, dan periksa apakah jawabannya masuk akal dalam ceritanya. Biaya tetap ditambah tarif per satuan menghasilkan total = biaya + tarif × satuan.
Jawaban: B · Tubulus kontortus proksimal
Tubulus kontortus proksimal menyerap kembali sekitar dua pertiga natrium dan air yang tersaring, ditambah hampir seluruh glukosa dan asam amino.
Jawaban: C · Arteri koroner kanan
Dinding inferior biasanya dipasok arteri koroner kanan melalui arteri desendens posterior (sirkulasi dominan kanan), sehingga infark inferior sebagian besar disebabkan oklusi RCA.
Jawaban: A · Kortisol
ACTH dari hipofisis anterior merangsang pelepasan kortisol dari zona fasikulata. Adrenalin berasal dari medula adrenal.
Jawaban: D · Hipertrofi konsentris dengan dinding yang lebih tebal
Beban tekanan membuat dinding ventrikel menebal (hipertrofi konsentris) untuk menjaga tegangan dinding tetap normal. Beban volume, seperti pada regurgitasi, justru menyebabkan dilatasi.
Jawaban: A · Plants and algae that make food by photosynthesis
Producers (autotrophs) make their own food using light energy. Herbivores are primary consumers, predators are higher consumers and fungi and bacteria are decomposers.
Jawaban: C · Natural selection favours the heterozygotes there
Heterozygotes are protected against malaria and do not have sickle cell disease, so they survive and reproduce more. This heterozygote advantage keeps the allele common even though homozygotes are ill.
Jawaban: B · 75%
15 ÷ 20 × 100 = 75%. Percent yield above 100% would point to an error, such as a wet or impure product.
Jawaban: A · The lighter NH₃ molecules diffuse faster than HCl molecules
At the same temperature, lighter gas molecules move faster on average. NH₃ (17 g/mol) is lighter than HCl (36,5 g/mol), so it travels farther and the gases meet nearer the HCl end.
Jawaban: C · begun
“Begin” has the forms begin, began, begun. The past perfect uses had + past participle: had begun.
Jawaban: C · For instance
“For instance” introduces examples that support the previous statement. The other transitions show contrast or cause and effect.
Jawaban: C · Not advised because it may cause harm
A treatment is contraindicated when a condition makes it unsafe to use.
Jawaban: C · soothing
Soothing means gently calming and comforting.
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