Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 16 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.
Wetlands such as marshes and swamps act like natural sponges. They soak up rainwater and release it slowly, which reduces flooding downstream. They also filter pollution from the water. Which sentence best summarises the passage?
The author writes: “If we let students use calculators in maths class, soon they will forget how to add, then they won’t be able to manage money, and eventually our economy will collapse.” What type of flawed reasoning is this?
Sebuah klinik menangani 780 pasien pada bulan Maret dan 1092 pada bulan April. Berapa persen kenaikannya p?
Gunakan urutan operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = −4² + 5 × 6.
Saraf kranial mana yang mempersarafi otot trapezius dan sternokleidomastoideus?
Saat pungsi lumbal, ligamen mana yang terakhir ditembus sebelum jarum masuk ke ruang epidural?
Selain menurunkan glukosa, insulin memindahkan ion mana ke dalam sel, suatu efek yang digunakan untuk mengobati hiperkalemia?
Klirens zat apa yang dipakai sebagai standar emas untuk mengukur laju filtrasi glomerulus?
A student's hypothesis is "Salt water slows the growth of bean seedlings." Which is a prediction based on it?
Two populations of one species live on separate islands for many thousands of years. When brought together, they can no longer interbreed. What has happened?
What colour is phenolphthalein indicator in a basic solution?
A small amount of acid is spilled on a lab bench. Why is a weak base such as sodium bicarbonate preferred over strong NaOH to neutralise it?
Which spelling is correct for the word that means “to provide room for”?
Which revision best eliminates wordiness? “At this point in time, the patient is in a state of recovery.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse collected a sputum sample in the morning.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient reported hallucinations during the night.”
Jawaban: D · Wetlands reduce flooding and clean water.
The passage describes two benefits of wetlands: they reduce flooding by holding water and they filter pollution.
Jawaban: A · An exaggerated chain of consequences
The author claims one small step will lead to extreme results without evidence for each link. This is a “slippery slope” argument.
Jawaban: p = 40 %
Persen berarti per seratus: p% dari suatu bilangan adalah (p/100) × bilangan itu. Untuk mencari A adalah berapa persen dari B, bagi A dengan B lalu kalikan 100. Perubahan persen membandingkan perubahan dengan nilai semula: perubahan persen = (baru − semula)/semula × 100.
Jawaban: x = 14
Urutan operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang di dalam tanda kurung lebih dahulu, lalu pangkat, lalu perkalian dan pembagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan terakhir penjumlahan dan pengurangan dari kiri ke kanan. Perkalian tidak selalu mendahului pembagian, dan penjumlahan tidak selalu mendahului pengurangan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan sesuai urutan kemunculannya. Bilangan negatif dalam tanda kurung tetap bertanda saat dikuadratkan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
−4² berarti −(4²) = −16: pangkat dikerjakan sebelum tanda minus.
Jawaban: B · Saraf aksesorius (XI)
Saraf aksesorius (XI) mempersarafi sternokleidomastoideus dan trapezius. Kerusakannya melemahkan gerakan memutar kepala dan mengangkat bahu.
Jawaban: B · Ligamentum flavum
Jarum melewati kulit, ligamentum supraspinosum dan interspinosum, lalu ligamentum flavum ke ruang epidural, kemudian dura dan araknoid ke ruang subaraknoid.
Jawaban: A · Kalium
Insulin merangsang Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase dan memindahkan kalium ke dalam sel. Karena itu insulin dengan glukosa digunakan untuk menurunkan kalium plasma yang tinggi secara berbahaya.
Jawaban: B · Inulin
Inulin tersaring bebas dan tidak diserap kembali maupun disekresi, sehingga klirensnya tepat sama dengan LFG. Kreatinin sedikit disekresi sehingga agak melebihkan LFG.
Jawaban: D · Seedlings given salt water will grow less than those given plain water
A prediction states the expected result if the hypothesis is correct, often as "if ... then ...". Comparing salt-water and plain-water seedlings tests the hypothesis directly.
Jawaban: B · Speciation after geographic isolation
Geographic isolation stops gene flow. Over time, mutation, natural selection and chance change each population until they can no longer interbreed, forming new species.
Jawaban: D · Pink
Phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic and neutral solutions and turns pink in basic solutions (above about pH 8–10). It is widely used in acid–base titrations.
Jawaban: A · Excess sodium bicarbonate is far less harmful than excess NaOH
It is hard to add exactly the right amount. Excess bicarbonate is only mildly basic, while excess NaOH is itself corrosive. The fizzing of CO₂ also shows when neutralisation is complete.
Jawaban: B · accommodate
“Accommodate” has a double c and a double m.
Jawaban: D · The patient is now recovering.
“At this point in time” means “now”, and “is in a state of recovery” means “is recovering”. A says the same thing in five words.
Jawaban: D · Mucus coughed up from the lungs
Sputum is mucus brought up from the lower airways by coughing.
Jawaban: D · Seeing or hearing things that are not there
Hallucinations are perceptions without a real stimulus; fixed false beliefs are called delusions.
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