Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 16 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.
“Most deserts are hot, but not all. Antarctica is considered a desert because it receives very little precipitation, even though it is covered in ice.” What makes a place a desert, according to the passage?
A report says: “In 2020, the clinic saw 400 patients with asthma. In 2023, it saw 600.” Which conclusion is best supported?
Seorang pelari mencatat jarak berikut dalam kilometer selama 9 hari: 9, 32, 23, 34, 32, 22, 13, 28, 20. Berapa jangkauan R?
Gunakan urutan operasi untuk mencari nilai x: x = −4² + 2 × 9.
Saraf kranial mana yang mengendalikan gerakan lidah?
Tumor di apeks paru menyebabkan kelopak mata turun, pupil kecil, dan hilangnya keringat di sisi wajah yang sama. Jalur mana yang terganggu?
Karena potensial aksi bersifat all-or-none, bagaimana neuron memberi sinyal rangsangan yang lebih kuat?
Seorang pasien yang mengalami hiperventilasi saat serangan panik merasakan kesemutan di jari. Apa yang kemungkinan besar ditunjukkan analisis gas darah arteri?
A cell has a nucleus and mitochondria but no cell wall and no chloroplasts. What kind of cell is it most likely to be?
In a family, a trait appears mostly in males. Affected men have daughters who are unaffected, but some of these daughters have affected sons. Which pattern fits best?
What is the mass of 0,5 mol of NaCl (molar mass 58,5 g/mol)?
A scuba diver breathes compressed air deep underwater. Why must the diver breathe out while swimming up to the surface?
Choose the correct words: “The nurses were ___ for the inspection.”
Choose the correct word for formal writing: “Does the manager object to ___ leaving early?”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The dehydrated patient had poor skin turgor.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s seizures were refractory to standard treatment.”
Jawaban: D · Very little precipitation
The passage says Antarctica is a desert because it gets very little precipitation, showing that low rainfall or snowfall, not heat, defines a desert.
Jawaban: B · The clinic saw 50 percent more asthma patients in 2023.
The rise from 400 to 600 is 200, which is 50 percent of 400. The data come from one clinic, so they cannot show a national trend or explain the cause.
Jawaban: R = 25
Rata-rata, median, modus, dan jangkauan: rata-rata (mean) adalah jumlah dibagi banyaknya nilai. Median adalah nilai tengah setelah nilai diurutkan; jika banyak nilai genap, median adalah rata-rata dari dua nilai tengah. Modus adalah nilai yang paling sering muncul. Jangkauan adalah nilai terbesar dikurangi nilai terkecil.
Jawaban: x = 2
Urutan operasi (PEMDAS/BODMAS): kerjakan yang di dalam tanda kurung lebih dahulu, lalu pangkat, lalu perkalian dan pembagian dari kiri ke kanan, dan terakhir penjumlahan dan pengurangan dari kiri ke kanan. Perkalian tidak selalu mendahului pembagian, dan penjumlahan tidak selalu mendahului pengurangan: setiap pasangan dikerjakan sesuai urutan kemunculannya. Bilangan negatif dalam tanda kurung tetap bertanda saat dikuadratkan: (−3)² = 9, tetapi −3² = −9.
−4² berarti −(4²) = −16: pangkat dikerjakan sebelum tanda minus.
Jawaban: D · Saraf hipoglosus (XII)
Saraf hipoglosus mempersarafi otot intrinsik dan sebagian besar otot ekstrinsik lidah. Pada lesinya, lidah yang dijulurkan menyimpang ke sisi yang terkena.
Jawaban: C · Rantai simpatis servikal
Ini sindrom Horner: ptosis, miosis, dan anhidrosis akibat terputusnya serabut simpatis, dalam kasus ini oleh tumor apeks (Pancoast) yang menekan rantai simpatis.
Jawaban: C · Dengan menghasilkan potensial aksi lebih sering
Kekuatan rangsangan dikodekan oleh frekuensi potensial aksi dan jumlah neuron yang direkrut, bukan oleh amplitudonya.
Jawaban: B · pH tinggi dan PaCO₂ rendah
Hiperventilasi membuang CO₂ dan menyebabkan alkalosis respiratorik akut. Alkalosis meningkatkan pengikatan kalsium pada albumin, sehingga menurunkan kalsium terionisasi dan menyebabkan kesemutan.
Jawaban: D · An animal cell
A nucleus and mitochondria show it is eukaryotic. Plant and fungal cells both have cell walls, and plant cells have chloroplasts, so the cell is most likely an animal cell.
Jawaban: D · X-linked recessive
An affected father gives his X to every daughter, making them carriers who usually show no signs. Each carrier daughter can pass the allele to half of her sons. Y-linked traits pass from father to son, which is not seen here.
Jawaban: C · 29,25 g
0,5 mol × 58,5 g/mol = 29,25 g. Dividing instead of multiplying gives 117, which has the wrong units.
Jawaban: D · The air in the lungs expands as the outside pressure falls
Water pressure decreases on the way up, so the gas in the lungs expands. If the diver holds their breath, the expanding air can over-stretch and injure the lungs.
Jawaban: C · all ready
“All ready” means completely prepared. “Already” means before now or by this time, as in “She has already left.”
Jawaban: C · my
In formal English, a pronoun before a gerund takes the possessive form, just as it would before a noun: “my leaving”, like “my departure”.
Jawaban: D · Elasticity and fullness
Turgor is the normal fullness and elasticity of the skin; poor turgor is a sign of dehydration.
Jawaban: A · Not responding
Refractory means resistant to treatment or not responding to it.
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