あるレシピでは、マフィン 6 回分に小麦粉 18 カップを使います。同じ割合で、7 回分には小麦粉が何カップ x 必要ですか?
18 : 6x : 7
x = カップ
3.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある患者の身長は 5 ft 10 in です。1 ft = 12 in と 1 in = 2.54 cm を使って、身長 h をセンチメートルで、cm の整数に丸めて求めてください。
5 ft 10 in1 ft = 12 in1 in = 2.54 cm
h = cm
4.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 1日2回 を 2 tsp、14 日間と書かれています。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、全期間に必要な mL V はいくつですか。
2 tsp1日2回14 日1 tsp = 5 mL
V = mL
5.読解(入学試験)ふつう
A medicine label reads: “Take one tablet twice daily with food. Do not drive or operate machinery if you feel drowsy. Avoid alcohol while taking this medicine.” What can you infer from the label?
AThe medicine should be taken once a day.
BThe medicine is safe to mix with alcohol.
CThe medicine must be taken on an empty stomach.
DThe medicine may cause drowsiness.
6.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
The passage states: “Exercise strengthens the heart. A stronger heart pumps more blood with each beat, so the resting heart rate often falls in people who train regularly.” Which conclusion follows from the passage?
AA low resting heart rate is always a sign of heart disease.
BExercise always raises the resting heart rate.
CThe heart gets weaker with regular training.
DA well-trained person may have a lower resting heart rate.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Nurses use therapeutic communication with patients.”
AWritten down rather than spoken
BCasual and chatty in tone, like with friends
CPromoting healing and well-being
DRequired by law in every case
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse saw exudate on the wound dressing.”
AFlakes of dead skin
BFluid that has leaked out of the tissues
CSticky glue left behind by the adhesive tape
DA dry crust of old blood
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Which sentence uses a colon correctly?
ABring: a pen, a notebook and a calculator.
BBring three: items a pen, a notebook and a calculator.
CThe three items are: a pen, a notebook and a calculator.
DBring three items: a pen, a notebook and a calculator.
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the correct verb: “She ___ for three hours, so she is tired now.”
Astudies
Bhas been studying
Cis studying
Dwill study
11.人体解剖学ふつう
交感神経系はどの脊髄分節から中枢神経系を出ますか?
A頸髄のみ
B脳と仙髄
C胸髄と上部腰髄(T1〜L2)
D仙髄のみ(S2〜S4)
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
舟状骨の腰部骨折の後、近位極に無腐性壊死のリスクがあるのはなぜですか?
A血液供給が主に遠位端から入るため
B血液供給がまったくないため
C血栓ができやすい 1 本の静脈で還流されるため
D唯一の動脈が月状骨を通るため
13.人体生理学ふつう
血液中の二酸化炭素の大部分はどのような形で運ばれますか?
A血小板の中の炭酸として
B血漿中の重炭酸イオンとして
Cヘムの鉄に結合して
D気体の CO₂ として溶解して
14.人体生理学むずかしい
酸素解離曲線を右に移動させる変化はどれですか?
ACO₂ の低下
BpH の上昇
C2,3-BPG の低下
D体温の上昇
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
A greenhouse is warm and brightly lit, but the air has very little carbon dioxide. What is most likely limiting the rate of photosynthesis?
AThe temperature
BThe carbon dioxide concentration
CThe number of stomata
DThe light intensity in the greenhouse
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to bacterial ribosomes. Which process does it block, and why are human cells much less affected?
ATranslation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
BTranslation, because human cells have no ribosomes
CDNA replication, because bacteria have no DNA polymerase
DTranscription, because human cells have no RNA polymerase of their own
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
Nitrogen is in group 15 of the periodic table. How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have?
A3
B7
C15
D5
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
A student tests whether water temperature affects how fast sugar dissolves. Which set of factors should be kept the same in every trial?
AThe mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
BThe water temperature and the dissolving time
COnly the colour of the cup
DNothing, because changing several factors at once gives more useful data
比と比例:比 a : b は 2 つの量を比べます。比例式では 2 つの比が等しく、a/b = c/d で、たすき掛け a·d = b·c で解きます。ある量を比 m : n で分けるには、m + n 個の等しい部分に分け、一方の取り分は m 個分、もう一方は n 個分です。
比例式
18/6 = x/7
たすき掛けをして解く
6·x = 126
x = 126/6 = 21 カップ
答え
x = 21 カップ
3.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: h = 178 cm
家庭用の計量と体重:看護の試験では丸めた換算値を使います。小さじ1(tsp)= 5 mL、大さじ1(tbsp)= 15 mL = 小さじ3、液量オンス1(fl oz)= 30 mL = 大さじ2、1カップ = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重は 1 kg = 2.2 lb、1 lb = 16 oz、長さは 1 インチ = 2.54 cm です。不要な単位が約分されて消えるように式を立ててください。
インチでの身長
5·12 + 10 = 70 in
インチからセンチメートルへ
h = 70·2.54 = 177.8 ≈ 178 cm
答え
h = 178 cm
4.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: V = 280 mL
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
1 回あたりの容量
2 tsp = 2·5 = 10 mL
全投与期間
V = 10 mL × 2/日 × 14 = 280 mL
答え
V = 280 mL
5.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · The medicine may cause drowsiness.
これが答えになる理由
The warning about driving if you feel drowsy suggests drowsiness is a possible side effect. The label says “with food”, “twice daily” and “avoid alcohol”.
答え
D · The medicine may cause drowsiness.
6.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · A well-trained person may have a lower resting heart rate.
これが答えになる理由
If each beat pumps more blood, fewer beats are needed at rest, so trained people often have a lower resting rate.
答え
D · A well-trained person may have a lower resting heart rate.
7.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: C · Promoting healing and well-being
これが答えになる理由
Therapeutic means having a healing or helpful effect.
答え
C · Promoting healing and well-being
8.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Fluid that has leaked out of the tissues
これが答えになる理由
Exudate is fluid that seeps out of blood vessels or tissues, often into a wound, during inflammation.
答え
B · Fluid that has leaked out of the tissues
9.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · Bring three items: a pen, a notebook and a calculator.
これが答えになる理由
A colon introduces a list after a complete clause. Putting it straight after a verb (“Bring:” or “are:”) splits the sentence.
答え
D · Bring three items: a pen, a notebook and a calculator.
10.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · has been studying
これが答えになる理由
The present perfect progressive (has/have been + -ing) describes an action that began in the past and is still going on or has just stopped, often with “for” or “since”.
When light and temperature are good, the factor in shortest supply limits the rate. Here it is CO₂, so adding CO₂ would speed up photosynthesis. Growers sometimes add CO₂ to greenhouses for this reason.
答え
B · The carbon dioxide concentration
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: A · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
これが答えになる理由
Ribosomes carry out translation. Bacterial ribosomes (70S) are smaller and differ in structure from human cytoplasmic ribosomes (80S), so some antibiotics can target them selectively.
答え
A · Translation, because bacterial ribosomes differ from human ribosomes
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: D · 5
これが答えになる理由
Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons (nitrogen: 2, 5). Nitrogen usually gains or shares 3 electrons to complete its outer shell.
答え
D · 5
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · The mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring
これが答えになる理由
For a fair test, every factor except the independent variable (temperature) must be controlled. Otherwise a change in dissolving time could be caused by something else, such as more stirring or finer sugar.
答え
A · The mass of sugar, the type of sugar, the volume of water and the amount of stirring