収納容器は、長さ 20 cm、幅 24 cm、高さ 14 cm の直方体です。容量 V は何リットルですか？（1 L = 1000 cm³）
20 × 24 × 14 cm1 L = 1000 cm³
V = L
3.看護の計算と単位換算ふつう
練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 体重の換算結果は 62.9269 kg です。 この練習問題のルールは「体重は、キログラムの小数第1位に丸める」です。記録する値 x はいくつですか。
62.9269 kg
x = kg
4.看護の計算と単位換算むずかしい
練習問題（数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません）。 処方箋に、経口懸濁液 1日3回 を ½ tsp、7 日間と書かれています。懸濁液は 150 mL のボトルで供給されます。1 tsp = 5 mL を用いて、期間を完了するために供給しなければならないボトルは何本 N ですか（整数）。
½ tsp1日3回7 日150 mL1 tsp = 5 mL
N =
5.読解（入学試験）ふつう
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas. It helps glucose move from the blood into cells, where it is used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas makes little or no insulin. What would most likely happen to blood glucose in untreated type 1 diabetes?
AIt would fall, because the cells use more glucose.
BIt would rise, because less glucose can enter the cells.
CIt would turn into insulin in the pancreas.
DIt would stay normal, because insulin is not needed for glucose.
6.読解（入学試験）むずかしい
A report states: “Since the hospital began offering flu vaccines to all staff, staff sick days in winter have fallen by a third. Other hospitals in the region did not see this drop.” Why is the second sentence important?
AIt makes a general winter change an unlikely cause.
BIt proves that the vaccine prevents all winter illnesses in staff.
CIt shows that sick days rose at this hospital.
DIt shows that other hospitals also offered the vaccine.
7.医療の語彙（入学試験）ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient had a seizure in the waiting room.”
AA sudden burst of abnormal brain activity
BA sharp, stabbing pain in the head
CA sudden stopping of the heartbeat
DA blockage of blood flow to part of the brain
8.医療の語彙（入学試験）むずかしい
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s seizures were refractory to standard treatment.”
APartly hidden
BResponding quickly
CNot responding
DCaused directly
9.英文法と言語運用（入学試験）ふつう
Choose the correct preposition: “The nurse is responsible ___ the medication cart.”
Afor
Bto
Cwith
Dof
10.英文法と言語運用（入学試験）むずかしい
In which sentence is the underlined -ing word a participle (used as an adjective) rather than a gerund?
AShe dislikes crying in public.
BThe crying baby needed a feeding.
CHis favourite activity is reading.
DCrying can relieve stress.
11.人体解剖学ふつう
髄膜の最も外側の層はどれですか？
A軟膜
B硬膜
C脈絡叢
Dクモ膜
12.人体解剖学むずかしい
大腿三角で、主な構造の外側から内側への並び順はどれですか？
A大腿神経、大腿動脈、大腿静脈
B大腿神経、大腿静脈、大腿動脈
C大腿動脈、大腿神経、大腿静脈
D大腿静脈、大腿動脈、大腿神経
13.人体生理学ふつう
主に動脈血の酸素濃度の低下に反応する受容器はどれですか？
A延髄の中枢化学受容器
B頸動脈小体と大動脈小体の末梢化学受容器
C肺の伸展受容器
D頸動脈洞の圧受容器
14.人体生理学むずかしい
長さ・張力関係によれば、骨格筋線維が伸ばされすぎると発生する力が小さくなるのはなぜですか？
A神経筋接合部が働かなくなるから
B伸ばされると筋肉の ATP が尽きるから
C伸ばされると、筋小胞体からカルシウムが放出されなくなるから
Dアクチンとミオシンの重なりが減り、形成される架橋が少なくなるから
15.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
What does RNA polymerase do?
AIt builds a protein from an mRNA template
BIt removes introns from pre-mRNA
CIt copies the whole genome before cell division
DIt builds an RNA strand from a DNA template
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
Why does the influenza vaccine need to be updated most years?
AAntibodies cannot be made against viruses
BThe vaccine damages the immune system after one year, so it must be repeated
CThe virus keeps changing its surface proteins through mutation
DInfluenza is caused by a different bacterium each year
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
At 20 °C, about 36 g of NaCl dissolves in 100 g of water. If 50 g of NaCl is stirred into 100 g of water at 20 °C, what happens?
AAbout 14 g dissolves and about 36 g stays undissolved
BAbout 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
CNone of the salt dissolves
DAll 50 g dissolves
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Half-normal saline (0.45% NaCl) is compared with blood plasma, which has about the same concentration as 0.9% NaCl. How is 0.45% NaCl described, and what happens to red blood cells placed in it?
AIsotonic; water moves equally in and out, so the cells keep their shape
BHypertonic; water tends to move out of the cells, which shrink
CHypotonic; water tends to move into the cells, which swell
DHypertonic; salt moves into the cells, which then swell
3溶液
1.看護学校入学準備の数学（入学試験）
答え: A = 22 m²
周囲の長さ、面積、体積：周囲の長さは図形のまわりの距離です（長方形：2l + 2w）。面積は平方単位で測ります：長方形 l × w、三角形 ½ × 底辺 × 高さ、円 π·r²。円周は π·d = 2π·r です。体積は立方単位です：直方体 l × w × h、円柱 π·r²·h。π の値は、問題で与えられたものを使います。
面積
A = ½ × 4 × 11 = 22 m²
答え
A = 22 m²
2.看護学校入学準備の数学（入学試験）
答え: V = 6.72 L
周囲の長さ、面積、体積：周囲の長さは図形のまわりの距離です（長方形：2l + 2w）。面積は平方単位で測ります：長方形 l × w、三角形 ½ × 底辺 × 高さ、円 π·r²。円周は π·d = 2π·r です。体積は立方単位です：直方体 l × w × h、円柱 π·r²·h。π の値は、問題で与えられたものを使います。
次元解析：与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数（例：60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg）を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
合計容量
2.5 mL × 3 × 7 = 52.5 mL
ボトル
52.5/150 = 0.35 → N = 1
答え
N = 1
5.読解（入学試験）
答え: B · It would rise, because less glucose can enter the cells.
これが答えになる理由
Without insulin, glucose cannot move into cells as easily and builds up in the blood.
答え
B · It would rise, because less glucose can enter the cells.
6.読解（入学試験）
答え: A · It makes a general winter change an unlikely cause.
これが答えになる理由
If sick days had fallen everywhere, a mild winter might explain it. Because other hospitals did not see the drop, the vaccine is a more likely cause.
答え
A · It makes a general winter change an unlikely cause.
7.医療の語彙（入学試験）
答え: A · A sudden burst of abnormal brain activity
これが答えになる理由
A seizure is a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that can cause shaking or loss of awareness.
答え
A · A sudden burst of abnormal brain activity
8.医療の語彙（入学試験）
答え: C · Not responding
これが答えになる理由
Refractory means resistant to treatment or not responding to it.
答え
C · Not responding
9.英文法と言語運用（入学試験）
答え: A · for
これが答えになる理由
The fixed expression is “responsible for” something. “Responsible to” is used for the person you report to.
答え
A · for
10.英文法と言語運用（入学試験）
答え: B · The crying baby needed a feeding.
これが答えになる理由
In A, “crying” describes the noun “baby”, so it is a participle. In B, C and D the -ing word acts as a noun (subject, object or subject complement), so it is a gerund.
答え: D · It builds an RNA strand from a DNA template
これが答えになる理由
RNA polymerase binds near the start of a gene, unwinds the DNA and joins RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the template strand. Translation into protein happens later on ribosomes.
答え
D · It builds an RNA strand from a DNA template
16.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: C · The virus keeps changing its surface proteins through mutation
これが答えになる理由
Influenza viruses mutate often, changing the antigens on their surface. Memory cells from earlier infections or vaccines may no longer recognise the new strain, so the vaccine is updated to match the strains expected to circulate.
答え
C · The virus keeps changing its surface proteins through mutation
17.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · About 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
これが答えになる理由
Only up to the solubility limit (about 36 g per 100 g water) can dissolve. The rest, about 14 g, stays as solid, and the solution above it is saturated.
答え
B · About 36 g dissolves and about 14 g stays undissolved
18.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · Hypotonic; water tends to move into the cells, which swell
これが答えになる理由
0.45% NaCl has about half the solute concentration of plasma, so it is hypotonic. Water moves by osmosis toward the higher solute concentration, which is inside the cells, so they take in water and swell.
答え
C · Hypotonic; water tends to move into the cells, which swell