AIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles
BIt works within an hour to relieve joint pain
CIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
DIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why are tetracyclines usually avoided in pregnancy and in young children (under 8 years in US guidance, under 12 years in the UK)?
AThey cause grey baby syndrome in infants
BThey block the action of growth hormone and stunt the child's growth
CThey cause severe hearing loss in children
DThey bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which investigation is usually used to confirm a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?
AA lung function test
BA plain chest X-ray and an ECG
CCompression duplex ultrasound
DAn exercise ECG
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Seconds after an intramuscular injection, a patient becomes pale, sweaty and faint, with a heart rate of 48/min. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling, and they recover quickly when laid flat. What is the most likely cause?
AAnaphylaxis
BA myocardial infarction
CA vasovagal reaction
DA tension pneumothorax
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?
An older patient on regular opioids has small amounts of liquid stool leaking all day, but has not had a formed bowel movement for 6 days. What is the most likely cause?
ANormal stool pattern on opioids
BAcute infective gastroenteritis
CA flare of ulcerative colitis
DFaecal impaction with overflow
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman in preterm labour receives nifedipine. Which side effect should the nurse watch for?
ARespiratory depression and absent reflexes
BHigh blood glucose and tremor
CBradycardia and bronchospasm
DLow blood pressure and headache
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman says she was told her non-invasive prenatal test (cell-free DNA) is "high chance" for trisomy 21. Which statement by the nurse is accurate?
AA high-chance result means the test should simply be repeated at birth
BThe result is diagnostic and the baby definitely has trisomy 21
CThe test analyses fetal cells from the amniotic fluid
DIt is a screening test, so a diagnostic test is offered to confirm it
21.小児看護ふつう
子どもの循環血液量減少性ショックで、通常、後期のサインとなる所見はどれですか?
A毛細血管再充満時間の延長
B低血圧
C四肢の冷感
D頻脈
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 15-year-old in traction for a femur fracture is withdrawn and irritable. Which intervention best fits his developmental stage?
AMove him to a room with toddlers so the ward is less lonely
BSet a strict timetable for him that staff decide without his input
CAsk his parents to stay with him at all times and make decisions for him
DArrange contact with friends and let him control parts of his daily routine
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient says, "I feel like I'm dying inside." Which nurse response best uses the technique of exploring?
A"You shouldn't say things like that."
B"Tell me more about what that feeling is like for you."
答え: D · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
これが答えになる理由
Taking cultures first gives the best chance of identifying the organism. They are collected with strict asepsis, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis.
答え
D · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
答え: A · A low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
これが答えになる理由
A night light lets the patient see obstacles and the way to the bathroom without disturbing sleep. Many falls happen in the dark on the way to the toilet.
答え
A · A low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
答え: C · Apply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site
これが答えになる理由
Direct manual pressure just above the puncture site compresses the femoral artery and stops bleeding. The patient keeps the leg straight, and the nurse checks vital signs and distal pulses and informs the provider.
答え
C · Apply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Thyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
これが答えになる理由
Amiodarone can cause hypo- or hyperthyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis, liver problems and photosensitivity. Regular monitoring of thyroid and liver function is needed.
答え
C · Thyroid function, the lungs and the skin's sensitivity to sunlight
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
これが答えになる理由
Large late meals increase reflux even when a PPI is taken. Raising the head of the bed, losing weight and reducing alcohol are correct measures.
答え
A · "A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
答え: C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
これが答えになる理由
Allopurinol reduces urate production and is taken daily to prevent attacks. Acute attacks are treated with NSAIDs, colchicine or corticosteroids, and a new rash on allopurinol must be reported.
答え
C · It lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
12.薬理学
答え: D · They bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently
これが答えになる理由
Tetracyclines chelate calcium and are deposited in growing teeth and bones. This can cause permanent yellow-brown staining of the teeth and may affect bone growth. Short courses of doxycycline are sometimes still used in younger children for specific serious infections.
答え
D · They bind to growing teeth and bone and stain the teeth permanently
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Compression duplex ultrasound
これが答えになる理由
Compression ultrasound shows whether a deep vein is compressible and whether flow is normal; a vein containing clot does not compress. A low clinical probability with a negative D-dimer can rule out DVT without imaging.
答え
C · Compression duplex ultrasound
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · A vasovagal reaction
これが答えになる理由
Vasovagal reactions cause bradycardia, pallor, sweating and fainting, and resolve quickly when lying flat. Anaphylaxis usually causes tachycardia, airway or breathing problems and often skin changes, and does not settle on its own. If in doubt, treat as anaphylaxis.
答え
C · A vasovagal reaction
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Allopurinol and making the urine less acidic
これが答えになる理由
Uric acid stones form when urine is acidic and rich in uric acid. High fluid intake, alkalinising the urine (for example with potassium citrate) and allopurinol reduce the risk. Purine-rich foods are limited.
Overflow diarrhoea occurs when liquid stool leaks around impacted faeces. Antidiarrhoeal drugs would worsen it; the nurse escalates for assessment, and treatment includes laxatives or enemas and review of the opioids.
答え
D · Faecal impaction with overflow
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · Low blood pressure and headache
これが答えになる理由
Nifedipine relaxes smooth muscle in vessels as well as the uterus, causing hypotension, flushing, headache and reflex tachycardia. Absent reflexes suggest magnesium toxicity.
答え
D · Low blood pressure and headache
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · It is a screening test, so a diagnostic test is offered to confirm it
これが答えになる理由
Cell-free DNA testing analyses placental DNA in the mother's blood. It is very accurate but remains a screening test, so a high-chance result is confirmed by chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis.
答え
D · It is a screening test, so a diagnostic test is offered to confirm it
答え: D · Arrange contact with friends and let him control parts of his daily routine
これが答えになる理由
Adolescents are working on identity and independence, and peers are very important. Hospital stay threatens both, so contact with friends, privacy and choices about routines help him cope.
答え
D · Arrange contact with friends and let him control parts of his daily routine
23.精神看護
答え: B · "Tell me more about what that feeling is like for you."
これが答えになる理由
Exploring asks the patient to describe an experience in more detail. Generalising, disapproving and changing the subject block the patient from talking.
答え
B · "Tell me more about what that feeling is like for you."
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
NEWS2(National Early Warning Score 2、英国王立内科医協会 2017年):7つのパラメータ(呼吸数、スケール1での SpO₂、空気吸入か酸素投与か、収縮期血圧、脈拍、ACVPU スケールによる意識、体温)をそれぞれチャートで採点し、合計します。臨床的リスク:0~4は低い、1つのパラメータでも3点なら低~中、5~6は中等度、7以上は高い。合計5点以上では緊急の対応が必要です。
各項目を採点する
RR 8/min → 3
SpO₂ 88% → 3
酸素投与中 → 2
SBP 124 mmHg → 0
HR 58/min → 0
意識清明 (A) → 0
T 38.1 °C → 1
合計点と赤の点数(単独で3点)
NEWS2 = 3 + 3 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 9
少なくとも1つのパラメータが3点です。
リスク群
高
答え
高
合計5点以上では、緊急の臨床対応が必要です。
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