During a power cut in a US hospital, a ventilator must stay powered. Where should it be plugged in?
AInto any white outlet in the room
BInto the outlet that is closest to the bed, whatever its color
CInto an extension cord from the corridor
DInto a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
Which telephone call should a clinic nurse return first?
AA parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
BA parent of a 5-year-old with a runny nose for two days
CAn adult asking for a repeat prescription for a statin
DAn adult who wants to move a routine blood test appointment
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An RN sees an LPN/LVN crushing an extended-release metoprolol tablet to mix with applesauce. What should the RN do?
ATell the LPN/LVN to give half of the crushed tablet now and the other half at lunchtime
BLet the LPN/LVN continue, since crushing makes the tablet easier to swallow
CStop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form
DReport the LPN/LVN at the end of the month without saying anything now
7.臨床看護学ふつう
患者の NEWS2 スコアが 7 に上がりました。適切な対応は?
A鎮静薬を与えて後で再確認する
Bスコアを記録し、観察を増やして、朝の回診を待つ
C集中治療の技能を持つ臨床チームによる緊急評価
D12 時間ごとの観察を続ける
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has a full-thickness burn all the way round the forearm. Which complication must be watched for closely?
ADelayed hair growth on the arm
BLoss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
CExcessive bleeding from the burn surface needing an urgent blood transfusion
DHypoglycaemia caused by the body using glucose to heal the burn
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has burning on urination and frequency. The dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and a urine culture is ordered. When should the sample be taken?
AAfter 3 days of antibiotic treatment
BAfter the symptoms have fully settled
CAt any time, as antibiotics do not matter
DBefore the first dose of antibiotic
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient without symptoms has a TSH of 7.5 mIU/L on two occasions with a normal free T4. Which term fits best?
ASubclinical hypothyroidism
BSecondary hypothyroidism
CSubclinical hyperthyroidism
DOvert primary hypothyroidism
11.薬理学ふつう
Which patient should usually not receive a live vaccine?
AA healthy adult nurse who works on a children's ward
BA healthy 1-year-old child
CA patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
DA patient with mild seasonal allergies
12.薬理学むずかしい
A woman has received a high-dose oxytocin infusion with large volumes of hypotonic fluid for many hours. She now has a headache, confusion and a low serum sodium. What is the most likely cause?
AExcessive salt in the infusion fluid
BWater intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
CAn allergic reaction to oxytocin causing brain swelling
DNormal tiredness after a long labour
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
降圧薬を飲み始めたばかりの患者が、ベッドから出るときにめまいを感じます。正しい助言はどれですか?
A立つ前に、しばらくベッドの端に座る
B代わりに、翌朝に2倍量を飲む
C血流が保たれるよう、すばやく立ち上がる
D医師や看護師に言わずに錠剤を中止する
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A 74-year-old man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm suddenly has severe back and abdominal pain. His heart rate is 128/min and BP 82/50 mmHg. What is the priority?
AEncourage him to walk to ease the back pain
BArrange a routine outpatient ultrasound scan of the aneurysm
CCall for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
DGive oral analgesia and reassess the pain in an hour
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?
AThrough the mouth (orogastric)
BThrough the nose (nasogastric)
CThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
DThrough the nose with a guidewire
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
Six weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, tenderness over the graft, less urine and a rising creatinine. What is most likely?
ADehydration that needs only more oral fluids and rest
BAcute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review
CA side effect of sun exposure
DA normal finding as the kidney settles in
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
オピオイドを使っている患者の鎮静が強くなったとき、なぜそれが重要なのですか?
A鎮静は、痛みが完全に安全にコントロールされたことを意味するから
B鎮静の進行は、通常、呼吸抑制に先行するから
C鎮静は、すべてのオピオイドの無害で予想される作用だから
D鎮静は、今はより高い用量が必要であることを意味するから
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient with gallstones has a temperature of 39 °C with rigors, jaundice and right upper abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?
AUncomplicated reflux
BAcute hepatitis A
CSimple biliary colic
DAscending cholangitis
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
産後出血に用いるプロスタグランジン製剤のカルボプロストを避けるべき女性はどれですか?
A喘息のある女性
Bてんかんのある女性
C高血圧のある女性
D以前に帝王切開で出産した女性
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A mother on day 1 is quiet, lets the nurse change the baby and talks repeatedly about the birth. How should the nurse interpret this?
A patient at risk of suicide is admitted. Which environmental check is most important?
ARemove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
BMake sure the patient has a television in the room
CLet the patient keep all his personal belongings, including his belt and phone charger, to help him feel at home
DPlace the patient in a room at the end of the corridor for privacy
24.精神看護むずかしい
An 80-year-old patient taking a benzodiazepine for sleep fell at night on the way to the toilet. After checking her for injury, what is the most appropriate next step?
AUse bed rails and a restraint every night to keep her safely in bed until the morning
BReport the fall, put falls precautions in place and ask for a review of her sleep medicine
CDo nothing more, because falls are normal in older people
DGive an extra dose so that she sleeps through the night without getting up
答え: B · 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the amount of fat
これが答えになる理由
The angle depends on needle length and body fat. A short needle at 90 degrees suits most adults; in thin patients a pinch of skin or a 45-degree angle avoids reaching muscle.
答え
B · 45 to 90 degrees, depending on the amount of fat
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Making sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
これが答えになる理由
Sensory aids, orientation, good sleep, hydration, mobility and family involvement all help prevent delirium. Frequent moves and poor sleep make it more likely.
答え
B · Making sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
答え: D · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
これが答えになる理由
In US hospitals, red outlets are usually connected to the emergency generator. Life-support equipment is plugged into them, and battery backups are checked as part of emergency planning.
答え
D · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
これが答えになる理由
A fever in an infant under about 3 months old needs urgent assessment, because serious bacterial infection is more likely and signs can be subtle. The other calls are routine.
答え
A · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Stop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form
これが答えになる理由
Crushing an extended-release tablet releases the whole dose at once and can cause toxicity, such as severe bradycardia or hypotension. The RN steps in now and arranges a suitable form.
答え
C · Stop the LPN/LVN and contact the prescriber or pharmacist about another form
答え: B · Loss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
これが答えになる理由
Circumferential full-thickness burns form a tight eschar that acts like a tourniquet as oedema develops. Neurovascular checks are needed, and escharotomy may be required.
答え
B · Loss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Before the first dose of antibiotic
これが答えになる理由
The culture sample is taken before antibiotics, so the organism can be grown and its sensitivities tested. A sample taken after antibiotics may give a false negative culture.
答え
D · Before the first dose of antibiotic
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Subclinical hypothyroidism
これが答えになる理由
A raised TSH with a normal free T4 is subclinical hypothyroidism; the pituitary is working harder to keep T4 normal. Overt hypothyroidism has a low free T4, and subclinical hyperthyroidism has a low TSH.確認に用いた資料:TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · Subclinical hypothyroidism
11.薬理学
答え: C · A patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
これが答えになる理由
Live attenuated vaccines can cause serious infection in immunosuppressed people and are generally avoided in pregnancy. Inactivated vaccines are safe but may give a weaker response.
答え
C · A patient receiving chemotherapy for leukaemia
12.薬理学
答え: B · Water intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
これが答えになる理由
Oxytocin has antidiuretic activity at high doses. With large volumes of fluid this can cause water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia, so fluid balance and sodium are monitored.
答え
B · Water intoxication from the antidiuretic effect of oxytocin
答え: C · Call for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
これが答えになる理由
Sudden abdominal or back pain with hypotension in a patient with an AAA suggests rupture, which is often fatal without urgent repair. The team is called at once, large-bore IV access and blood are arranged, and the patient goes to theatre. Fluid may be limited so the blood pressure is not pushed high (permissive hypotension), as directed by the team.
答え
C · Call for emergency help and prepare for urgent vascular surgery
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Through the mouth (orogastric)
これが答えになる理由
A tube passed through the nose could enter the cranial vault through the fractured skull base. An orogastric route avoids this. Nasal suction and nose blowing are also avoided.
答え
A · Through the mouth (orogastric)
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Acute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review
これが答えになる理由
Fever, graft tenderness, falling urine output and rising creatinine suggest acute rejection, although infection must also be ruled out. Early treatment, often with high-dose steroids, can save the graft, so the transplant team is contacted urgently.
答え
B · Acute rejection, needing urgent transplant team review
Fever, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain suggest infection of an obstructed bile duct. It can rapidly cause sepsis and needs blood cultures, IV antibiotics, fluids and urgent biliary drainage, usually by ERCP.
In the first day or two, dependence, passivity and retelling the birth story are typical of the taking-in phase. The nurse supports rest and comfort and reassesses bonding later.
答え: A · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
これが答えになる理由
A safe environment removes potential ligatures and sharp objects and limits access to medicines. Patients at high risk are usually placed where staff can observe them easily.
答え
A · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
24.精神看護
答え: B · Report the fall, put falls precautions in place and ask for a review of her sleep medicine
これが答えになる理由
Benzodiazepines increase the risk of falls in older adults. After a fall, the nurse reports it, reduces risks such as poor lighting and the distance to the toilet, and asks for a medication review.
答え
B · Report the fall, put falls precautions in place and ask for a review of her sleep medicine
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
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