A conscious patient with hypoglycaemia was given fast-acting carbohydrate. On re-check 15 minutes later the blood glucose is 3.6 mmol/L (65 mg/dL). What should the nurse do next?
AGive a long-acting carbohydrate snack only and recheck tomorrow
BGive a dose of subcutaneous insulin
CGive another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
答え: C · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
これが答えになる理由
If blood glucose remains below the threshold (4 mmol/L in UK guidance, 70 mg/dL in US guidance), the fast-acting treatment is repeated. Once it is above the threshold, a longer-acting carbohydrate such as a sandwich or the next meal helps prevent recurrence.
答え
C · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
A drowsy patient who vomits can aspirate. Turning them to the side lets vomit drain from the mouth; suction and a prescribed antiemetic follow.
答え
C · Turn the patient onto their side
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · IV calcium gluconate
これが答えになる理由
IV calcium stabilizes the cardiac cell membranes within minutes and is given first when hyperkalemia changes the ECG. Insulin with glucose, binders and diuretics then lower the potassium.
答え
D · IV calcium gluconate
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · A trained sitter or video monitoring with staff nearby
これが答えになる理由
Close observation by a sitter or video monitoring allows staff to step in quickly, without restricting the patient. It is often combined with reorientation and family presence.
答え
C · A trained sitter or video monitoring with staff nearby
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Three negative sputum smears, clinical improvement and continued therapy
これが答えになる理由
Airborne precautions usually continue until the patient is on effective therapy, is improving clinically and has three negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli, according to policy.
答え
C · Three negative sputum smears, clinical improvement and continued therapy
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する