練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 84 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.8 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 63 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 18 時間、75 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 6 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
答え: A · A night-time sedative such as a benzodiazepine
これが答えになる理由
Sedatives cause drowsiness, slowed reactions and unsteadiness, especially at night and in older adults. Diuretics and drugs that lower blood pressure also raise falls risk.
答え
A · A night-time sedative such as a benzodiazepine
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Potassium, because both drugs can raise it
これが答えになる理由
Spironolactone and ACE inhibitors both reduce potassium excretion, so the combination can cause dangerous hyperkalaemia. Potassium and renal function should be checked regularly.
答え: D · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights are measured at the same time, on the same scale and in similar clothing so that changes show real fluid gain. A quick rise in weight can be an early sign of worsening heart failure.
答え
D · “Weigh him each morning before breakfast, on the same scale, and tell me the result.”
For most critically ill patients, insulin is used to keep glucose around 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L). Lower targets increase the risk of hypoglycemia, and persistently higher levels increase infection and other complications.
答え
B · About 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Sodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyponatremia with confusion and vomiting suggests cerebral edema and can progress to seizures and coma. The other results are mildly abnormal and expected for those conditions, so they are less urgent.確認に用いた資料:Low blood sodium - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Sodium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Sodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting