練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 ある成人の体重は 89 kg、身長は 154 cm です。BMI を計算し、WHO の体重区分をクリックしてください。
89 kg154 cm
1低体重(やせ)
2普通体重
3過体重
4肥満クラスI
5肥満クラスII
6肥満クラスIII
9.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算ふつう
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 61 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.2 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 63 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 18 時間、45 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 6 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
A nurse teaches a patient who uses home oxygen. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will not use oil-based creams on my face.”
B“I will put up no-smoking signs at the front door and in my room.”
C“My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
D“I will keep the oxygen away from the gas stove.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with a head injury has a pupil on one side that is now large and does not react to light. What should the nurse do?
ARecheck it at the next routine observation in four hours
BDocument it, because pupils often differ slightly after a head injury
CReport it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
DDim the room lights so the pupil can get smaller
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has leftover opioid tablets after surgery. Which advice about disposal is best?
AKeep them in an unlocked drawer at home in case of future pain
BGive them to a friend or relative who has back pain
CReturn them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
DLeave them in the bathroom cabinet indefinitely
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During a disaster, the hospital needs to free beds quickly. Which patient is the best candidate for early discharge?
AA patient on a ventilator in the intensive care unit who is slowly improving
BA patient with ongoing chest pain awaiting cardiac tests
CA patient on an IV heparin infusion that is still being adjusted
DA patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
An older adult with chronic kidney disease starts trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for a urinary tract infection. Which electrolyte should be monitored closely?
AChloride, because the drug causes chloride loss
BCalcium, because the drug binds calcium in the gut
CSodium, because the drug causes heavy sodium retention
DPotassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient admitted with heavy alcohol use and malnutrition has a glucose of 52 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L) and low magnesium. Which prescribed treatment should be given before the IV glucose?
AIV potassium
BIV thiamine
CIV insulin
DOral iron
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Ease them gently to the floor while protecting their head
これが答えになる理由
Trying to stop a fall can injure both the nurse and the patient. The nurse widens their stance, supports the patient and guides them down, protecting the head.
答え
B · Ease them gently to the floor while protecting their head
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · It is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
これが答えになる理由
Restraint carries risks such as injury, distress and pressure damage. It is used only when alternatives have failed, in the least restrictive form, for the shortest time, with monitoring and documentation.
答え
B · It is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
これが答えになる理由
Someone who has never had chickenpox can catch chickenpox from contact with shingles blisters. Non-immune pregnant and immunocompromised people are at particular risk, so lesions are covered and precautions followed.
答え
B · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · To prevent "wrong blood in tube" errors that can cause fatal reactions
これが答えになる理由
A sample labelled with the wrong patient's details can lead to incompatible blood being issued. Labelling at the bedside after positive identification is a key transfusion safety step.
答え
B · To prevent "wrong blood in tube" errors that can cause fatal reactions
答え: C · “My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen supports combustion, so no one may smoke near it, even with a window open. Keeping it away from flames and avoiding oil-based products are correct.
答え
C · “My husband can smoke in my room if the window is open.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Report it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
これが答えになる理由
A newly fixed, dilated pupil suggests pressure on the third cranial nerve from rising intracranial pressure or a bleed. It is a neurological emergency that needs immediate escalation.
答え
C · Report it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
これが答えになる理由
Returning unused opioids to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site is the preferred way to dispose of them. Leftover opioids at home can be misused or taken by children or pets.
答え
C · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · A patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
これが答えになる理由
In a surge, stable patients who could be safely cared for at home are discharged first. Patients who are unstable or need close monitoring or titrated infusions must stay.
答え
D · A patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Potassium, because trimethoprim can raise it
People with alcohol use disorder and malnutrition are often deficient in thiamine. Giving glucose first can use up the remaining thiamine and precipitate Wernicke encephalopathy, so thiamine is usually given before or with glucose. Hypoglycemia must still be treated promptly.