練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 70 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.5 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 63 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 16 時間、40 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 6 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
A patient taking lisinopril develops swelling of the lips and tongue. What should the nurse do first?
AGive the next dose of lisinopril with water
BAssess the airway and call for urgent help
CTell the patient this is a common, harmless effect
DApply a cold pack and recheck in an hour
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A toddler with tetralogy of Fallot becomes very blue and breathless while crying. What should the nurse do first?
AGive a large drink of water to calm the child
BPlace the child in a knee-to-chest position
CLay the child flat on their back
DEncourage the child to keep crying to open the lungs
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has botulism after eating contaminated food. Which precautions are needed?
AStandard precautions
BAirborne precautions
CDroplet precautions
DContact precautions
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient on airborne precautions for tuberculosis wants to walk in the hallway. What is the best response?
AAllow it, as long as the patient wears an N95 respirator in the corridor
BExplain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
CAllow it, as long as they walk quickly
DAllow it, if they avoid the nurses’ station
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A week after a splenectomy, a patient's platelet count is 650 × 10³/µL. What is the best interpretation?
AA sign of new leukemia that needs immediate chemotherapy
BA laboratory error, because platelets fall after splenectomy
CAn expected rise after splenectomy that increases clot risk
DA sign of iron overload from the surgery and transfusion
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a platelet count of 9 × 10³/µL and reports a sudden severe headache and blurred vision. What is the priority?
AGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the headache and reassess in 1 hour
BEncourage the patient to drink more fluids and check the blood pressure later
CAssess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
DDim the lights and encourage rest, as headaches are common after chemotherapy
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
これが答えになる理由
The WHO ladder starts with non-opioids, adds a weak opioid for moderate pain and a strong opioid for severe pain, with adjuvants at any step. It is still widely taught, although current WHO guidance stresses individual assessment over a strict step-by-step approach.
答え
A · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Assessing a patient who reports new chest pain
これが答えになる理由
New symptoms in a patient need registered nurse assessment and decision-making. Routine, predictable tasks with stable patients can be delegated with clear instructions.
答え
A · Assessing a patient who reports new chest pain
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · To reduce the absorption of ammonia from the gut
これが答えになる理由
Lactulose acidifies the colon and speeds transit, reducing ammonia absorption. The dose is usually adjusted to give two to three soft stools a day.
答え
A · To reduce the absorption of ammonia from the gut
答え: B · Assess the airway and call for urgent help
これが答えになる理由
Angioedema is a rare but dangerous effect of ACE inhibitors. The airway comes first: the nurse assesses breathing, calls for urgent help and holds the drug.
答え
B · Assess the airway and call for urgent help
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Place the child in a knee-to-chest position
これが答えになる理由
In a hypercyanotic (“tet”) spell, the knee-chest position raises systemic vascular resistance and sends more blood to the lungs. Oxygen and prescribed medication follow.
答え
B · Place the child in a knee-to-chest position
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Standard precautions
これが答えになる理由
Botulism is caused by a toxin and does not spread from person to person, so standard precautions are used. Suspected cases are reported to public health at once.
答え
A · Standard precautions
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Explain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
これが答えになる理由
Patients on airborne precautions stay in the negative-pressure room with the door closed, leaving only for essential tests while wearing a surgical mask. The nurse explains why and helps the patient cope with confinement.
答え
B · Explain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · An expected rise after splenectomy that increases clot risk
これが答えになる理由
The spleen stores about a third of the platelets. After splenectomy, the count often rises (reactive thrombocytosis), which can increase the risk of thrombosis. The count is monitored, and the patient is assessed for signs of clots.確認に用いた資料:Platelet count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Platelet Tests · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · An expected rise after splenectomy that increases clot risk
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Assess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
これが答えになる理由
Platelet counts usually reach their lowest point (nadir) about 7–14 days after chemotherapy. With a count below 10 × 10³/µL, a sudden severe headache or visual change may signal intracranial bleeding, which is an emergency. The nurse assesses neurological status and reports it immediately.確認に用いた資料:Bleeding and Bruising (Thrombocytopenia) and Cancer Treatment · National Cancer Institute (NIH) (2022); Pancytopenia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
C · Assess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding