A patient is receiving opioids after surgery. Which finding usually comes before opioid-induced respiratory depression?
AIncreasing sleepiness that is hard to rouse
BIncreased appetite and thirst
CA sudden rise in pain scores
DA rise in blood pressure with flushed cheeks
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient arrives at the emergency department with a plan to end their life, but has normal vital signs. Which ESI level fits best?
ALevel 4
BLevel 5
CLevel 1
DLevel 2
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient on contact precautions must be taken to another department for a test. What is correct?
AHave the patient wear an N95 respirator during transport
BPut the patient in a separate elevator with the doors open
CCover wounds, give the patient a clean gown and tell the receiving department
DCancel the test until the precautions are no longer needed, however urgent it is
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised eosinophil count. Which cause is most consistent with this finding?
AA viral infection such as a cold
BBone marrow suppression from chemotherapy
CAn allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
DAn acute bacterial infection
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient receives repeated nebulized albuterol (salbutamol) for severe asthma. Which laboratory change should the nurse watch for?
AA rise in serum sodium
BA rise in serum calcium
CA fall in serum potassium
DA fall in blood glucose
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
増殖の速いリンパ腫への化学療法のあとで、腫瘍崩壊症候群を示唆する結果のパターンはどれですか?
A高カリウム、高リン酸、高尿酸、低カルシウム
B高ナトリウムと低血糖のみ
C低カリウム、低リン酸、低尿酸、カルシウムの上昇
D電解質は正常で、ヘモグロビンが高い
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Codeine
これが答えになる理由
Opioids such as codeine and morphine slow gut movement and commonly cause constipation. Senna, lactulose and docusate are laxatives.
答え
B · Codeine
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · The tissues are not getting enough oxygen
これが答えになる理由
When tissues are poorly perfused they switch to anaerobic metabolism and produce lactate. A raised lactate in sepsis signals higher risk and the need for urgent treatment.
答え
A · The tissues are not getting enough oxygen
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
これが答えになる理由
Regular mouth care with moist swabs, water sprays and lip balm relieves a dry mouth in the last days of life. Families can be shown how to help.
答え
A · Frequent mouth care that keeps the lips and mouth moist
答え: A · Increasing sleepiness that is hard to rouse
これが答えになる理由
Sedation usually increases before breathing slows. Regular sedation checks let the nurse hold the opioid and act before respiratory depression occurs.
答え
A · Increasing sleepiness that is hard to rouse
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Level 2
これが答えになる理由
Active suicidal ideation with a plan is a high-risk situation, so the patient is ESI level 2. They need prompt evaluation and a safe environment with close observation.
答え
D · Level 2
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Cover wounds, give the patient a clean gown and tell the receiving department
これが答えになる理由
Transport is limited to what is necessary. Infected areas are contained or covered, the patient wears a clean gown, the receiving area is informed and equipment is cleaned afterwards.
答え
C · Cover wounds, give the patient a clean gown and tell the receiving department
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
これが答えになる理由
Eosinophils rise in allergic conditions such as asthma and drug reactions and in parasitic infections. Acute bacterial infection mainly raises neutrophils, and viral infection often raises lymphocytes.
答え
C · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · A fall in serum potassium
これが答えになる理由
Beta-2 agonists push potassium into cells and can cause hypokalemia, especially at high doses; they also raise blood glucose. For this reason nebulized albuterol is sometimes used as an extra treatment for hyperkalemia.