A dying patient has noisy, rattling breathing that is upsetting the family. Which nursing action helps?
ATell the family it means the patient is choking and needs help
BReposition the patient and explain the cause to the family
CStart deep suction every 10 minutes
DGive large volumes of oral fluids
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Why should a near miss be reported even though no harm occurred?
AIt helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
BSo the nurse involved can be identified and disciplined
CBecause insurance companies require a report for every shift worked
DIt does not need reporting if no one was harmed
3.臨床看護学ふつう
After a total hip replacement through a posterior approach, which movement should the patient usually avoid in the early weeks?
AWalking short distances with a frame and a physiotherapist
BDoing gentle ankle exercises
CBending the hip beyond 90 degrees or crossing the legs
DLying on their back
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has sudden, severe "tearing" chest pain going through to the back and a large difference in blood pressure between the arms. What should be suspected?
A patient has a serum potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. Which action comes first?
AEncourage foods high in potassium
BPlace the patient on a cardiac monitor
CRecheck the level next week
DGive the patient’s scheduled potassium supplement
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient is admitted with suspected meningococcal meningitis. Which precautions are needed until treatment has been given for long enough?
ADroplet precautions
BStandard precautions only
CContact precautions only
DAirborne precautions
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why must visible dirt be removed from equipment before it is disinfected?
AOrganic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
BCleaning first is only needed for metal items
CDirt makes the disinfectant react and work too strongly on the surface
DDisinfectants only work on wet surfaces
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A newly hired nurse has these hepatitis B results: HBsAg negative, anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative. What do they show?
APast infection that has now cleared
BA current hepatitis B infection
CNo immunity, so the vaccine is needed
DImmunity from hepatitis B vaccination
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
処方された塩化カリウムを静脈内投与する前に、最も重要なアセスメントはどれですか?
A尿量と腎機能
B両耳の聴力
C瞳孔の大きさと対光反射
D前腕の皮膚ツルゴール
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient without symptoms has a finger-stick glucose of 340 mg/dL (18.9 mmol/L). The previous values were normal, and the patient has just peeled an orange. What should the nurse do first?
AAsk the laboratory to measure HbA1c from the same drop of blood
BHave the patient wash and dry their hands, then repeat the test
CGive a correction dose of insulin for a glucose of 340 mg/dL
DReport the result as a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Reposition the patient and explain the cause to the family
これが答えになる理由
Noisy "death rattle" breathing comes from secretions in the throat and is not usually distressing to the patient. Repositioning, explanation and sometimes medicines help; deep suction is usually avoided.
答え
B · Reposition the patient and explain the cause to the family
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show weaknesses in systems, such as confusing packaging or poor checks. Reporting them in a no-blame culture lets the organisation learn and prevent future harm.
答え
A · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Bending the hip beyond 90 degrees or crossing the legs
これが答えになる理由
Hip flexion past 90°, crossing the legs and turning the leg inwards can dislocate the hip after a posterior approach. Raised seats and toilet seats help, although specific precautions vary between units.
答え
C · Bending the hip beyond 90 degrees or crossing the legs
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Aortic dissection
これが答えになる理由
Aortic dissection classically causes abrupt, tearing pain radiating to the back, with unequal arm pulses or pressures. It is a surgical emergency, and thrombolysis must not be given.
Severe hyperkalemia can cause dangerous arrhythmias, so continuous cardiac monitoring comes first while the provider is informed and treatment is prepared.
答え
B · Place the patient on a cardiac monitor
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Droplet precautions
これが答えになる理由
Neisseria meningitidis spreads by respiratory droplets, so a surgical mask is worn within close range. Droplet precautions continue until the patient has received effective antibiotics for about 24 hours.
答え
A · Droplet precautions
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
これが答えになる理由
Blood, secretions and soil protect organisms and can inactivate disinfectants. Cleaning is always done first, followed by disinfection or sterilization as required.
答え
A · Organic matter can shield organisms and weaken the disinfectant
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Immunity from hepatitis B vaccination
これが答えになる理由
The vaccine contains surface antigen, so it produces anti-HBs only. A negative anti-HBc shows there has been no natural infection, and a negative HBsAg rules out current infection.
答え: B · Have the patient wash and dry their hands, then repeat the test
これが答えになる理由
Sugar residue on the fingers can give a falsely high finger-stick result. The hands are washed with soap and water and dried, and the test repeated. If the value is still high, it is confirmed and reported. Treating a false result could cause hypoglycemia.
答え
B · Have the patient wash and dry their hands, then repeat the test