A goal states: "The patient will report pain of 3/10 or less within one hour of analgesia." After one hour the patient reports 6/10. What should the nurse do?
ARecord the goal as met, as the pain has gone down
BWait until the next day to evaluate again
CChange the goal to 6/10 or less so that it counts as met
DRecord the goal as not met and review the plan
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
4 人の患者が同時にあなたを必要としています。最初に誰のところへ行くべきですか?
A定時の内服薬の時間になった患者
B騒がしい高い音の呼吸(喘鳴・ストライダー)が出てきた患者
C退院の時間を尋ねている患者
D20 分前に経口鎮痛薬を投与した、痛みが 6/10 の患者
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A nurse gives a patient analgesia for post-operative pain. What should be done next?
AGive a second analgesic straight away just in case
BWait until the next shift before asking the patient about the pain
CReassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
DAssume the pain has gone if the patient is quiet and has their eyes closed
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient is recognised by the team as being in the last days of life. Which approach is correct?
AStop all medicines, including pain relief and anti-sickness drugs
BContinue all routine blood tests and observations four-hourly
CAvoid talking with the family about what is happening
DReview and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 66 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 2 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 55 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 20 時間、80 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 10 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
66 kg2 g/kg/日55 g/L80 mL/h · 20 h10 g/スクープ
n =
10.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 24時間かけて、ある患者は最終濃度がデキストロース 25%、アミノ酸 3.5% の静脈栄養を 1800 mL、さらに 20% 脂肪乳剤(2 kcal/mL)を 500 mL 受けます。 患者が受ける総エネルギー E を kcal/日で求めてください。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
答え: D · Record the goal as not met and review the plan
これが答えになる理由
Evaluation compares the outcome with the goal. The goal was not met, so the nurse reassesses, reports and revises the plan, for example with a different analgesic.
答え
D · Record the goal as not met and review the plan
答え: C · Reassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
これが答えになる理由
The effect of analgesia should be reassessed when it is expected to work, with side effects such as sedation and breathing checked. The result is documented and the plan adjusted.
答え
C · Reassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · Review and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
これが答えになる理由
When dying is recognised, non-beneficial interventions are stopped and anticipatory medicines for symptoms such as pain, agitation and secretions are prescribed. Clear communication with the patient and family is essential.
答え
D · Review and stop treatments that no longer help, and focus on comfort
答え: D · Raise the head of the bed, give oxygen and call for urgent help
これが答えになる理由
Sudden breathlessness and chest pain after surgery suggest a pulmonary embolism. The nurse supports breathing with positioning and oxygen and escalates at once; walking or leg massage could make things worse.
答え
D · Raise the head of the bed, give oxygen and call for urgent help
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Talk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
これが答えになる理由
The RN gives direct, private feedback, restates the reporting limits and increases supervision. If the problem continues, it is escalated to the manager according to policy.
答え
D · Talk to the assistant privately, restate what must be reported and follow up closely
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Stop the feeding until the tube position is checked
これが答えになる理由
A displaced tube may now sit in the esophagus or airway. The feeding is stopped and the tube is not pushed back blindly. Its position is checked according to policy, or it is replaced.
答え
A · Stop the feeding until the tube position is checked
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Leave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
これが答えになる理由
An unknown chemical spill may be toxic or flammable. The nurse moves people away, prevents entry and calls the designated hazardous materials team, who check the Safety Data Sheet and use the right equipment.
答え
C · Leave the area, keep others out and alert the trained response team
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · A baseline HIV test
これが答えになる理由
After an occupational exposure, the wound is washed and the incident is reported at once. Baseline tests for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are taken, and post-exposure prophylaxis is started as soon as possible if indicated, ideally within hours.