Why should the same pain scale be used each time a patient's pain is assessed?
ABecause only one scale is valid for adults
BBecause using different pain scales on one patient is against the law
CSo the patient learns the right answer to give
DSo scores can be compared to see whether pain is improving
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A healthcare assistant (nursing assistant) has recorded a blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg during routine observations but did not report it. What should the registered nurse do first?
AAssess the patient straight away
BTalk to the healthcare assistant about reporting
CRepeat the observations at the next routine time
DComplete an incident report
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is having a 12-lead ECG. Where are the chest electrodes placed?
AIn standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
BAnywhere on the chest where the skin is clear
COn both shoulders and both hips only
DIn a straight line down the centre of the sternum from top to bottom
Three days after starting haloperidol, a patient has a temperature of 40 °C, severe muscle rigidity and confusion. Which laboratory result would the nurse expect?
AA very high serum lithium
BA very low white cell count
CA very low serum sodium
DA very high creatine kinase (CK)
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · So scores can be compared to see whether pain is improving
これが答えになる理由
Using one tool consistently lets the team see trends and judge whether treatment works. The tool chosen should suit the patient's age and ability to communicate.
答え
D · So scores can be compared to see whether pain is improving
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Assess the patient straight away
これが答えになる理由
A low blood pressure may mean deterioration, so the nurse assesses the patient at once and escalates if needed. Feedback to the assistant and reporting follow afterwards.
答え
A · Assess the patient straight away
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · In standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
これが答えになる理由
The six chest leads (V1–V6) have standard anatomical positions, from the 4th intercostal space beside the sternum to the mid-axillary line. Wrong placement can change the ECG and lead to misinterpretation.
答え
A · In standard numbered positions across the front and left of the chest
Sudden lack of drainage with a full bladder usually means a kinked or blocked catheter. The nurse checks the tubing and position first, then follows the policy for irrigation or replacement.
答え: B · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
これが答えになる理由
Returning unused opioids to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site is the preferred way to dispose of them. Leftover opioids at home can be misused or taken by children or pets.
答え
B · Return them to a pharmacy or an approved take-back site
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Resources go first to those most likely to survive with treatment
これが答えになる理由
In disasters, triage shifts from treating the sickest first to saving the most lives with available resources. Expectant patients still receive comfort care and are reassessed as resources change.
答え
C · Resources go first to those most likely to survive with treatment
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する
D · カルシウムの多くはアルブミンに結合しているため、イオン化カルシウムが正常でも総カルシウムは低下する
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · A very high creatine kinase (CK)
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a medical emergency. Muscle rigidity releases CK, often to very high levels, and the white count is often raised. Myoglobin can damage the kidneys. The antipsychotic is stopped and supportive care is started.