A patient with capacity wants to leave hospital against medical advice. What should the nurse do?
AExplain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
BHide the patient's clothes so they cannot leave
CLet them go without telling anyone
DLock the ward door to keep the patient in until the doctor arrives
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
An older woman with severe arthritis has normal bladder control but wets herself because she cannot reach the toilet in time. Which type of incontinence is this?
AFunctional incontinence
BOverflow incontinence
CUrge incontinence
DStress incontinence
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which technique is correct when suctioning through a tracheostomy?
AApply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
BKeep suctioning for at least a minute each time to clear all the secretions
CSuction every 15 minutes whether or not secretions are present
DApply suction continuously while inserting the catheter as far as it will go
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
Four call bells ring at the same time. Which patient should the nurse see first?
AA patient who needs help to go to the toilet and has rung twice
BA patient who has just become breathless after starting an IV antibiotic
CA patient asking for pain relief for chronic back pain that they rate as 3/10
DA patient asking what time they will be discharged
A patient without diabetes in the ICU with sepsis has a glucose of 260 mg/dL (14.4 mmol/L) and an HbA1c of 5.2%. What is the best interpretation?
AType 1 diabetes from autoimmune damage
BA meter error, because HbA1c is normal
CLong-standing undiagnosed type 2 diabetes
DStress hyperglycemia from acute illness
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
これが答えになる理由
An adult with capacity can discharge themselves. The nurse explains the risks, involves the doctor, offers follow-up and documents the decision; detaining them would be unlawful.
答え
A · Explain the risks, inform the doctor and document the discussion
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Functional incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Functional incontinence is caused by problems outside the urinary tract, such as poor mobility or confusion. A commode near the bed, easy clothing and regular toileting help.
答え
A · Functional incontinence
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
これが答えになる理由
Suctioning only on withdrawal and keeping it brief reduces hypoxia and mucosal damage. Suction is performed when needed, not routinely, and the patient is pre-oxygenated if required.
答え
A · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · A patient who has just become breathless after starting an IV antibiotic
これが答えになる理由
Breathlessness soon after a new IV antibiotic suggests possible anaphylaxis, an airway and breathing emergency. The infusion should be stopped and the patient assessed immediately.
答え
B · A patient who has just become breathless after starting an IV antibiotic
B · 「10 時にリーさんの血圧を測って、収縮期血圧が 100 未満なら、すぐに知らせてください。」
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Spironolactone
これが答えになる理由
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and can raise potassium further. Furosemide and thiazides tend to lower potassium, and omeprazole does not usually affect it.
答え
A · Spironolactone
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Set it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
これが答えになる理由
The longer a sterile field is exposed, the more likely it is to be contaminated, and an unattended field cannot be considered sterile. It is prepared just before use.
答え
B · Set it up just before the procedure, because a waiting field may become contaminated
Stress hormones and inflammation raise glucose in acute illness, even without diabetes. A normal HbA1c shows that glucose was normal over the previous months. Stress hyperglycemia is still treated, usually with insulin, because it worsens outcomes.確認に用いた資料:Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)