Four stable patients need routine morning care. To reduce the spread of infection, which patient should the nurse visit first?
AA patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
BA patient with influenza on droplet precautions
CA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
DA patient with an MRSA wound infection
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse cleans an IV pump with a disinfectant wipe. What must happen for the disinfectant to work?
AThe surface is wiped once lightly without pressure
BThe surface stays wet for the contact time on the product label
CThe wipe is used on many pumps to save product
DThe surface is dried with a clean towel right after wiping
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
混乱している患者が経鼻胃管を何度も引っ張っています。最初に試すべき方法はどれですか?
A見当識の再確認や付き添いなど、より制限の少ない方法
B一晩静かに眠れるよう、鎮静薬を投与する
Cチームに相談せずにチューブを抜去する
Dチューブを守るため、すぐに手首を抑制する
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with a low clinical probability of deep vein thrombosis has a normal (negative) D-dimer. What is the best interpretation?
AThe test is useless and should always be ignored
BA pulmonary embolism is now certain to be present
CA DVT is confirmed and anticoagulation is needed
DA DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse prepares a patient for a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test tomorrow morning. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll avoid smoking until the test is over"
B"I'll fast overnight but can drink plain water"
C"I'll stay seated during the test if I can"
D"I can have a light breakfast before the test"
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Psychomotor
これが答えになる理由
The psychomotor domain covers physical skills, the cognitive domain covers knowledge and the affective domain covers attitudes and feelings. Skills are learned by demonstration and practice.
答え
C · Psychomotor
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show weaknesses in systems, such as confusing packaging or poor checks. Reporting them in a no-blame culture lets the organisation learn and prevent future harm.
答え
A · It helps find and fix system problems before someone is harmed
答え: C · Liver damage develops later, and the antidote works best when given early
これが答えになる理由
Paracetamol overdose may cause few early symptoms, but liver failure can develop over days. Acetylcysteine is most effective when started early, guided by timed paracetamol levels.
答え
C · Liver damage develops later, and the antidote works best when given early
答え: A · A patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
これが答えになる理由
When urgency is equal, the nurse cares for the most vulnerable patient first and patients with transmissible infections last. This lowers the risk of carrying organisms to an immunocompromised patient.
答え
A · A patient with neutropenia after chemotherapy
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · The surface stays wet for the contact time on the product label
これが答えになる理由
Each disinfectant has a contact (dwell) time during which the surface must stay visibly wet. Drying it early or spreading one wipe over many items reduces its effect.
答え
B · The surface stays wet for the contact time on the product label
答え: D · A DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
これが答えになる理由
D-dimer is very sensitive, so a negative result in a patient with low clinical probability makes DVT or PE unlikely. A positive result is not specific, because surgery, infection, pregnancy and cancer also raise D-dimer; imaging is then needed.確認に用いた資料:D-Dimer Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
D · A DVT is unlikely and can usually be ruled out
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · "I can have a light breakfast before the test"
これが答えになる理由
The OGTT is done after an overnight fast of at least 8 hours; water is allowed. Eating before the test makes the results invalid. Patients rest during the test and avoid smoking, which can affect glucose.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Glucose tolerance test - non-pregnant · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · "I can have a light breakfast before the test"