Why is “QD” (once daily) on The Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” list?
AIt is only allowed for intravenous medicines
BIt can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
CIt means “every day at bedtime” in some hospitals
DIt is a Latin abbreviation, and only plain English abbreviations may be used
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s cardiac monitor alarms often because of artifact, and a colleague suggests turning the alarm off. What is the best response?
ATurn the alarm volume down as low as it will go
BTurn the alarm off and check the monitor screen at the nurses’ station every hour instead
CDisconnect the monitor overnight so the patient can sleep
DKeep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
An older adult with chronic kidney disease takes glyburide (glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea) and has repeated low glucose readings. Why is this a concern?
AThe drug makes the glucose meter read falsely low
BThe drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
CThe drug stops working entirely when the kidneys fail
DThe drug causes high potassium that lowers the glucose
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A healthy woman at 10 weeks of pregnancy has a slightly low TSH with a normal free T4 and no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?
Glucocorticoids increase glucose production and insulin resistance, causing steroid-induced hyperglycaemia. Glucose monitoring identifies patients who need treatment.
答え
C · Steroids can raise the blood glucose
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Spasm of the hand when a blood pressure cuff is inflated on the arm
これが答えになる理由
Trousseau's sign, carpal spasm during cuff inflation, and Chvostek's sign, facial twitching on tapping the facial nerve, indicate neuromuscular irritability from low calcium.
答え
C · Spasm of the hand when a blood pressure cuff is inflated on the arm
答え: B · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
これが答えになる理由
“QD” and “QOD” can be confused with each other and with “QID”, leading to serious dosing errors. The word “daily” or “every other day” is written in full instead.
答え
B · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Keep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
これが答えになる理由
Disabling alarms is a known cause of missed deterioration. Alarm fatigue is reduced by fixing causes such as poor skin preparation or old electrodes and by setting individual limits according to orders and policy.
答え
D · Keep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · The drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
これが答えになる理由
Glyburide and its active metabolites are cleared by the kidneys, so they accumulate in CKD and can cause severe, prolonged hypoglycemia. Older adults are at greater risk. The prescriber is informed, and a different drug is usually chosen.
答え
B · The drug and its metabolites build up and cause long lows
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · hCG stimulates the thyroid in early pregnancy
これが答えになる理由
hCG is structurally similar to TSH and stimulates the thyroid, peaking at the end of the first trimester, so TSH often falls slightly. With a normal free T4 and no symptoms, this is usually physiologic and is interpreted with pregnancy-specific ranges.確認に用いた資料:TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)