読解(入学試験)
解き方
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公式集、全トピックの解法の要点、16 問の演習問題。完全な解答は巻末にあります。
“Sound travels as vibrations. It moves faster through water than through air, and faster still through solids such as steel.” Through which material does sound travel fastest, according to the passage?
“Every year, Grandpa planted one more apple tree. When people asked why, since he would not live to see them fruit, he smiled and said, ‘They are not for me.’” What does Grandpa’s answer suggest?
x を求めよ:3(x + 14) = 87。
訪問看護師が、2 時間 36 分で 156 マイル運転しました。平均の速さ v は時速何マイルですか?
左心房と左心室の間にある弁はどれですか?
左視索の障害では、どのような視野欠損が生じますか?
心電図の QRS 波は何を表していますか?
一酸化炭素中毒の患者で、PaO₂ が正常なのに組織が重い低酸素になりうるのはなぜですか?
A study finds a positive correlation between hours of exercise and lung capacity. What does this mean?
A drug lowered blood pressure in a study of 20 men aged 40 to 50. Why might the result not apply to women over 70?
Using significant figures, what is 2.5 cm × 3.42 cm?
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy places a patient in a chamber with oxygen at higher than normal pressure. Why does this raise the oxygen dissolved in blood plasma?
Choose the correct reflexive pronoun: “The students prepared ___ for the exam.”
Choose the correct verb: “It is high time we ___ the old equipment.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “A blood pressure reading is objective data.”
Choose the meaning of the words in bold: “The patient’s condition is critical but stable.”
答え: A · Steel
The passage says sound moves faster through water than air, and “faster still” through solids such as steel.
答え: D · He planted the trees for future generations.
Planting trees he would not see bear fruit, “not for me”, suggests he planted them for others, such as his family or future generations.
答え: x = 15
方程式を解く:x が単独になるまで、両辺に同じことをします。操作は逆の順に打ち消します:まず足し算か引き算、次に掛け算か割り算です。かっこは分配法則 a(x + b) = ax + ab で外し、x の項を片側に集めます。答えは代入して確かめます。
答え: v = 60 mph
速さと縮尺:速さ = 距離 ÷ 時間で、時間は答えの単位にそろえます(2 h 15 min = 2.25 h。15 min = 15/60 h だからです)。地図の縮尺は比例です:地図上の 1 cm は地上の一定の距離を表すので、地図上の距離にそれを掛けます。
答え: A · 僧帽弁(二尖弁)
僧帽弁(二尖弁)は左心房と左心室を隔てます。右側では三尖弁が同じ役割をします。
答え: D · 右同名半盲
左視索は両眼の網膜の左半分からの線維を運び、それは右の視野を見ています。その障害により、両眼で視野の右半分が失われます。
答え: A · 心室の脱分極
P 波は心房の脱分極、QRS 波は心室の脱分極、T 波は心室の再分極です。心房の再分極は QRS に隠れています。
答え: D · CO がヘモグロビンの結合部位を占めるため、酸素含量が下がるから
CO は酸素よりはるかに強くヘモグロビンに結合し、曲線を左に移動させます。溶存 O₂(PaO₂)は正常でも、総酸素含量と組織への放出は大きく下がります。
答え: C · As exercise increases, lung capacity tends to increase
A positive correlation means both variables tend to rise together. Correlation alone does not prove that one causes the other; a controlled experiment is needed for that.
答え: A · The sample did not represent that group
Results can only be applied confidently to people similar to those studied. Age and sex may change how a drug works, so the findings need to be tested in a more representative sample.
答え: A · 8.6 cm²
2.5 × 3.42 = 8.55, but 2.5 has only two significant figures, so the answer is rounded to two: 8.6 cm².
答え: D · Gas solubility in a liquid increases with the partial pressure of the gas
Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolving in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. Raising the oxygen partial pressure dissolves more O₂ in plasma.
答え: A · themselves
“Themselves” is the standard plural reflexive pronoun. “Theirselves” and “theirself” are nonstandard, and “themself” refers to one person.
答え: C · replaced
“It is time” or “It is high time” + subject is followed by a past form to show that something should already be happening: “It is high time we replaced it.”
答え: A · Observable and measurable
Objective data can be observed or measured, such as vital signs or lab results.
答え: A · Very serious, but not changing at present
Critical means very serious, often life-threatening, and stable means not currently changing.
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