一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
At the start of the shift, the nurse counted the patient’s tablets: 30. At the end of the shift, there were 27. The patient takes one tablet three times a day, and all doses were given on time during the shift. What can you conclude?
AThe patient refused all three doses offered during the shift.
BThe patient took six tablets during the shift.
CThe count matches three doses given during the shift.
DSome tablets are missing from the container.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“Some critics call the festival a waste of money. Yet last year it brought 20 000 visitors to town, and local hotels and restaurants had their busiest week of the year.” Which claim does the evidence mainly support?
An old idea says giraffes got long necks because each one stretched to reach leaves and passed the longer neck to its young. Why is this idea rejected?
ANeck length is not affected by any genes
BGiraffes do not eat leaves from tall trees, so stretching is not needed
COnly plants can pass on traits to offspring
DChanges acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
塩素37の原子は陽子を 17 個もつ。中性子はいくつか。
A37
B17
C20
D54
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
At room temperature chlorine (Cl₂) is a gas, bromine (Br₂) is a liquid and iodine (I₂) is a solid. What best explains this trend?
AChlorine is ionic, while iodine is metallic
BThe covalent bond in I₂ is much stronger than in Cl₂
CIodine forms hydrogen bonds but chlorine does not
DLarger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct form: “She could ___ called earlier.”
Ahas
Bhave
Chad
Dof
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence uses a pronoun with a clear antecedent?
AAfter Ana called Lena, she cried.
BAna told Lena that she had won.
CWhen Ana met Lena, she gave her a gift.
DWhen Ana met Lena, Ana gave her a gift.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Use the appropriate size of cuff when measuring blood pressure.”
ASuitable
BLargest
CCheapest
DNewest
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
What does the term erythrocyte mean?
ABone cell
BRed blood cell
CWhite blood cell
DSkin cell
3溶液
1.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · The count matches three doses given during the shift.
これが答えになる理由
30 − 27 = 3 tablets, which matches three doses given during the shift, so the count is correct.
答え
C · The count matches three doses given during the shift.
2.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · The festival benefits local businesses.
これが答えになる理由
The visitors and busy hotels and restaurants support the claim that the festival helps local businesses, answering the critics.
答え: D · Changes acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
これが答えになる理由
This is Lamarck's idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Traits gained by use, such as stretched muscles, do not change the DNA in gametes. Darwin's natural selection explains the change through inherited variation instead.
答え
D · Changes acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · 20
これが答えになる理由
質量数 37 は陽子と中性子の合計なので、中性子 = 37 − 17 = 20 である。
答え
C · 20
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: D · Larger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
これが答えになる理由
Going down group 17 the molecules get bigger with more electrons, so temporary dipoles are larger and dispersion forces stronger. More energy is needed to separate the molecules, raising melting and boiling points.
答え
D · Larger molecules with more electrons have stronger dispersion forces
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · have
これが答えになる理由
“Could have” (could’ve) + past participle is correct. “Could of” is a common error that comes from how “could’ve” sounds.
答え
B · have
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · When Ana met Lena, Ana gave her a gift.
これが答えになる理由
In the other sentences “she” could mean Ana or Lena. Repeating the name removes the ambiguity.
答え
D · When Ana met Lena, Ana gave her a gift.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Suitable
これが答えになる理由
Appropriate means suitable or right for the situation.
答え
A · Suitable
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Red blood cell
これが答えになる理由
Erythr/o (red) + -cyte (cell). White blood cells are leukocytes.
答え
B · Red blood cell
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