一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
A label on a cleaning spray reads: “Use in a well-ventilated area. Do not mix with bleach. Keep away from children.” Which action follows the label?
AOpening a window while using the spray
BUsing it in a small closed cupboard
CLeaving it on a low shelf in the playroom
DMixing the spray with bleach for extra power
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
Paragraph 1 describes how tooth decay is caused by bacteria feeding on sugar. Paragraph 2 describes how fluoride makes teeth more resistant to acid. Paragraph 3 recommends brushing with fluoride toothpaste and limiting sugary snacks. How is the passage organised?
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
A27/64
B9/16
C1/64
D3/4
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
When the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity gets bigger, what happens to the air pressure inside the lungs?
AIt falls, so air flows out
BIt falls, so air flows in
CIt rises, so air flows in
DIt does not change
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Each C=O bond in carbon dioxide is polar, yet the CO₂ molecule is nonpolar. Why?
AThe bonds are ionic, not covalent
BThe molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out
CCarbon and oxygen have the same electronegativity
DCarbon has lone pairs that cancel the dipoles
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct word: “The patient rode a ___ bike during rehab.”
Astationary
Bstationery’s
Cstationairy
Dstationery
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence is the best topic sentence for a paragraph about the benefits of sleep for students?
ASome students live in dormitories near their classrooms.
BThere are many reasons why, which will now be discussed.
CSleep is a word that has been used for centuries.
DGetting enough sleep helps students learn and remember new material.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient was incontinent of urine during the night.”
AUnable to control the passing of it
BUnable to pass it at all
CFeeling pain when passing it
DPassing very large amounts of it at night
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s decline was precipitous.”
AExpected and minor
BSlow and gradual
CTemporary
DVery sudden and steep
3溶液
1.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · Opening a window while using the spray
これが答えになる理由
A well-ventilated area has good airflow, so opening a window follows the label. The other choices break its rules.
答え
A · Opening a window while using the spray
2.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · Cause and protection, then advice
これが答えになる理由
The passage explains a cause (bacteria and sugar), a protection (fluoride) and then gives recommendations based on both.
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
答え
A · 27/64
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · It falls, so air flows in
これが答えになる理由
At constant temperature, a larger volume means a lower pressure. The pressure inside the lungs falls below atmospheric pressure, so air moves in. This is inhalation.
答え
B · It falls, so air flows in
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · The molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out
これが答えになる理由
Polarity depends on both bond polarity and shape. CO₂ is linear and symmetrical, so the two equal dipoles point in opposite directions and cancel. Water is bent, so its dipoles do not cancel.
答え
B · The molecule is linear, so the two bond dipoles cancel out
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · stationary
これが答えになる理由
“Stationary” means not moving. “Stationery” means writing paper and envelopes: e for envelope.
答え
A · stationary
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · Getting enough sleep helps students learn and remember new material.
これが答えになる理由
A clearly states the main idea that the rest of the paragraph can support. B and C are off topic, and D is vague.
答え
D · Getting enough sleep helps students learn and remember new material.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Unable to control the passing of it
これが答えになる理由
Incontinence is the loss of control over passing urine or stool.
答え
A · Unable to control the passing of it
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: D · Very sudden and steep
これが答えになる理由
Precipitous means happening very suddenly or steeply, like a fall from a cliff.
答え
D · Very sudden and steep
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