一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
A clinic newsletter states: “Starting next month, patients can request repeat prescriptions online. Requests will be ready to collect within two working days.” If a patient submits a request online on Monday, when is the prescription most likely ready?
AThe following Monday
BLater the same day
CBy Wednesday
DNext month
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“In one study, people who were told a pill would ease their pain reported less pain, even though the pill contained no medicine.” What does this study illustrate?
APills without medicine cure all kinds of disease.
BExpectations can affect how people report symptoms.
答え: B · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
これが答えになる理由
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end. One strand (leading) is made continuously towards the fork, and the other (lagging) is made in short fragments that ligase later joins together.
答え
B · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
答え: A · Many more collisions have at least the activation energy
これが答えになる理由
Heating makes particles move faster, so collisions are slightly more frequent, but more importantly a much larger fraction of collisions have enough energy to react. The activation energy stays the same unless a catalyst is added.
答え
A · Many more collisions have at least the activation energy
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · The nurse said, “The doctor told me, ‘Wait here.’”
これが答えになる理由
In American English, the main quotation uses double quotation marks and a quotation inside it uses single marks. British publishers often reverse this: single marks outside, double inside.
答え
C · The nurse said, “The doctor told me, ‘Wait here.’”
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · You can either call the clinic or send an email.
これが答えになる理由
In A, both “call the clinic” and “send an email” are verb phrases. In the other choices, “either” and “or” are followed by different kinds of words.
答え
D · You can either call the clinic or send an email.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Weakened or damaged
これが答えになる理由
Impaired means reduced in strength, quality or function.
答え
B · Weakened or damaged
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Stomatitis
これが答えになる理由
Stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth; gingivitis affects the gums and glossitis the tongue.
答え
B · Stomatitis
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