一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
“The library will close early on Friday for staff training. Books due on Friday may be returned on Saturday without a late fee.” What can a library user conclude?
AA book due Friday can be returned Saturday at no charge.
BAll late fees will be cancelled this month.
CThe library will be open later than usual on Friday.
DThe library will be closed all weekend for training.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“The company claims its water filter removes 99% of germs. The claim is based on one test, run by the company itself, on water from a single tap.” What is the best evaluation of the claim?
AIt is reliable because the company ran the test.
BIt needs independent and wider testing.
CIt is proven true for all types of water.
DIt is false because filters cannot remove germs.
3.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)ふつう
1 1/2 ÷ 1 2/5 を計算せよ。最も簡単な形の答えをクリックしてください。
1 1/2 ÷ 1 2/5
114/15
21 1/14
32 1/4
42 1/10
4.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)むずかしい
母親の年齢は、息子の年齢の 4 倍より 4 歳多いです。2 人の年齢の合計は 44 歳です。息子は何歳 x ですか?
Σ = 44
x = 年
5.人体解剖学ふつう
人体で最も太い神経はどれですか?
A迷走神経
B大腿神経
C正中神経
D坐骨神経
6.人体解剖学むずかしい
男性で鼠径管を通る構造はどれですか?
A精索
B大腿動脈
C閉鎖神経
D大伏在静脈
7.人体生理学ふつう
有髄軸索が無髄軸索より速く活動電位を伝えるのはなぜですか?
A髄鞘が軸索に沿って神経伝達物質を放出するから
Bインパルスがランヴィエ絞輪の間を跳ぶから
C髄鞘にはより多くのナトリウムチャネルがあるから
D髄鞘が軸索を細くするから
8.人体生理学むずかしい
高地で数日から数週間かけて起こる適応はどれですか?
Aエリスロポエチン濃度の上昇と赤血球の増加
Bヘマトクリットの低下
C腎臓での重炭酸の保持の増加
D酸素を節約するための換気の減少
9.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
A deletion removes exactly three bases, forming one whole codon, from the middle of a gene. What is the most likely result?
AThe protein becomes three times longer
BNo protein can be made at all
CThe protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
DEvery amino acid after the deletion is changed to a new one
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
Two parents are both AaBbCc, and the three genes assort independently. What is the probability that a child is aabbcc?
A1/16
B1/8
C1/64
D3/64
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
Why does stirring help a solid dissolve faster?
AIt increases the amount of solute that can dissolve in total
BIt turns the solid into a liquid
CIt brings fresh solvent into contact with the solid's surface
DIt raises the temperature of the solvent by friction a great deal
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Why does a burn from steam at 100 °C usually cause more damage than one from liquid water at 100 °C?
ALiquid water cannot pass any of its heat to the skin
BSteam particles are hotter than water particles at the same reading
CSteam carries dissolved acid that damages the skin
DSteam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Which sentence is a run-on (comma splice)?
AThe clinic opens at eight. It closes at five.
BThe clinic opens at eight; it closes at five.
CThe clinic opens at eight, it closes at five.
DThe clinic opens at eight, and it closes at five.
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the correct verb for formal (especially American) English: “The policy requires that every visitor ___ a mask.”
Awears
Bwear
Cwearing
Dwore
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “With the stethoscope, the nurse could discern a faint heart murmur.”
ATreat or correct with medication
BImagine or invent
CDetect or recognise
DIgnore or dismiss
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The review found that the patient’s rash was iatrogenic.”
AArising from an unknown cause
BTriggered by emotional stress or worry
CPresent from the time of birth
DCaused by medical treatment or care
3溶液
1.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · A book due Friday can be returned Saturday at no charge.
これが答えになる理由
Because of the early closing, books due on Friday can be returned on Saturday without a fee. Nothing else about fees or weekend closing is stated.
答え
A · A book due Friday can be returned Saturday at no charge.
2.読解(入学試験)
答え: B · It needs independent and wider testing.
これが答えになる理由
One test run by the company on one tap is limited and may be biased. Independent tests on different water would be needed to trust the claim.
答え: C · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
これが答えになる理由
Because three bases are removed, the codons after the deletion are still read in the correct frame. The protein loses one amino acid, which may or may not affect its function.
答え
C · The protein lacks one amino acid but the rest is unchanged
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: C · 1/64
これが答えになる理由
For each gene, Aa × Aa gives aa with a probability of 1/4. For three independent genes: 1/4 × 1/4 × 1/4 = 1/64.
答え
C · 1/64
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · It brings fresh solvent into contact with the solid's surface
これが答えになる理由
Stirring moves the concentrated solution away from the solid and replaces it with fresh solvent, so dissolving continues quickly. It speeds dissolving but does not change solubility.
答え
C · It brings fresh solvent into contact with the solid's surface
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: D · Steam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
これが答えになる理由
When steam condenses to liquid on skin, it gives off its heat of vaporisation (a large amount), and then the hot water cools further. Liquid water at the same temperature transfers only the second part.
答え
D · Steam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: C · The clinic opens at eight, it closes at five.
これが答えになる理由
Joining two independent clauses with only a comma is a comma splice. Fix it with “, and”, a semicolon or a full stop.
答え
C · The clinic opens at eight, it closes at five.
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · wear
これが答えになる理由
The subjunctive uses the base form of the verb, even with a singular subject: “that every visitor wear”. British English often uses “should wear” instead, but US-style exams expect the subjunctive.
答え
B · wear
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: C · Detect or recognise
これが答えになる理由
To discern is to notice or recognise something that is not obvious.
答え
C · Detect or recognise
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: D · Caused by medical treatment or care
これが答えになる理由
Iatrogenic means caused by medical examination or treatment, such as a drug reaction.
答え
D · Caused by medical treatment or care
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