一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
Paragraph: “Many students struggle to focus at home. Phones buzz, family members talk, and the TV is often on. A quiet library can be a better place to study.” What is the author’s main point?
AA library may be a better place to study.
BFamilies should watch less TV in the evening.
CStudents should turn off their phones at night.
DStudents study best with friends at home.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
The author writes: “Studies show that people who drink water before meals eat slightly fewer calories. Therefore, drinking water is the only thing you need to lose weight.” Why is the conclusion not supported?
AThe author says nothing about the studies.
BWater makes people eat many more calories.
CThe studies did not look at water.
DA small effect does not make it the only factor.
3.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)ふつう
円の半径は 14 m です。 π ≈ 3.14 として、円周 C を求めよ。
r = 14 mπ ≈ 3.14
C = m
4.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)むずかしい
円柱の半径は 4 ft、高さは 12 ft です。π ≈ 3.14 として、体積 V を求めよ。
r = 4 fth = 12 ftπ ≈ 3.14
V = ft³
5.人体解剖学ふつう
肘の前面にある皮静脈で、静脈穿刺に最もよく用いられるのはどれですか?
A腋窩静脈
B大伏在静脈
C肘正中皮静脈
D上腕静脈
6.人体解剖学むずかしい
洞房結節に最もよく血液を送る冠動脈はどれですか?
A左主幹部
B左前下行枝
C右冠動脈
D回旋枝
7.人体生理学ふつう
腎臓の集合管で水の再吸収を増やすホルモンはどれですか?
A心房性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド
B抗利尿ホルモン(ADH)
C副甲状腺ホルモン
Dアルドステロン
8.人体生理学むずかしい
長期にわたる大動脈弁狭窄症で、左室はどのように適応しますか?
A壁が厚くなる求心性肥大
B仕事量が減るための筋肉の萎縮
C弁は心室の一部ではないので変化しない
D拡張を伴う壁の菲薄化
9.看護学校入学試験のための生物ふつう
What is a chromosomal translocation?
AOne DNA base is replaced by another base
BA piece of a chromosome is copied twice and stays in the same place
CA piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
DA piece of a chromosome is flipped around in place
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
How does the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system find the right place to cut DNA?
AA guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
BIt binds only to the start codon of every gene
CThe Cas9 protein cuts DNA at random sites
DIt reads the amino acid sequence of the protein
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
What is a polymer?
AA small molecule containing only two atoms of one element
BA mixture of several different elements
CA large molecule built from many repeating smaller units called monomers
DAn ion with more than one charge
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) and dimethyl ether (CH₃OCH₃) have the same formula, C₂H₆O, but ethanol boils at a much higher temperature. Why?
AEthanol molecules are heavier than dimethyl ether molecules
BEthanol has an O–H group, so its molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
CDimethyl ether is ionic and ethanol is covalent
DEthanol has more carbon atoms
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct spelling: “She has ___ of homework.”
Aallot
Ba lot
Ca-lot
Dalot
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
What is the function of the underlined word? “Her mother is a surgeon.”
APredicate noun (subject complement)
BAppositive
CIndirect object
DDirect object
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient was incontinent of urine during the night.”
AFeeling pain when passing it
BUnable to control the passing of it
CUnable to pass it at all
DPassing very large amounts of it at night
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
What does the term gastrostomy mean?
ARemoval of part of the stomach
BA cut into the stomach that is then closed
CA surgical opening into the stomach
DInflammation of the stomach lining
3溶液
1.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · A library may be a better place to study.
これが答えになる理由
The details about phones, family and TV explain why home is distracting, which supports the main point that a library can be better for studying.
答え
A · A library may be a better place to study.
2.読解(入学試験)
答え: D · A small effect does not make it the only factor.
これが答えになる理由
The studies show only a small effect. Claiming water is the only thing needed for weight loss ignores diet, exercise and other factors.
答え
D · A small effect does not make it the only factor.
3.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)
答え: C = 87.92 m
周囲の長さ、面積、体積:周囲の長さは図形のまわりの距離です(長方形:2l + 2w)。面積は平方単位で測ります:長方形 l × w、三角形 ½ × 底辺 × 高さ、円 π·r²。円周は π·d = 2π·r です。体積は立方単位です:直方体 l × w × h、円柱 π·r²·h。π の値は、問題で与えられたものを使います。
円周
C = 3.14 × 28 = 87.92 m
答え
C = 87.92 m
4.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)
答え: V = 602.9 ft³
周囲の長さ、面積、体積:周囲の長さは図形のまわりの距離です(長方形:2l + 2w)。面積は平方単位で測ります:長方形 l × w、三角形 ½ × 底辺 × 高さ、円 π·r²。円周は π·d = 2π·r です。体積は立方単位です:直方体 l × w × h、円柱 π·r²·h。π の値は、問題で与えられたものを使います。
答え: C · A piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
これが答えになる理由
In a translocation a segment moves to a non-homologous chromosome. Some translocations are linked to cancers, such as the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
答え
C · A piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: A · A guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
これが答えになる理由
CRISPR-Cas9 uses a short guide RNA designed to match the target DNA. The guide leads the Cas9 enzyme to that sequence, where it cuts the DNA so that the gene can be changed.
答え
A · A guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · A large molecule built from many repeating smaller units called monomers
これが答えになる理由
Polymers are long chains of linked monomers. Starch is a polymer of glucose, proteins are polymers of amino acids and poly(ethene) is a polymer of ethene.
答え
C · A large molecule built from many repeating smaller units called monomers
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · Ethanol has an O–H group, so its molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
これが答えになる理由
Hydrogen bonding needs H bonded directly to N, O or F. Ethanol has an O–H group and forms hydrogen bonds; in dimethyl ether every H is bonded to carbon, so it has only weaker forces and a lower boiling point.
答え
B · Ethanol has an O–H group, so its molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · a lot
これが答えになる理由
“A lot” is always written as two words. “Allot” is a different verb meaning to give out shares, and “alot” is not a word.
答え
B · a lot
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · Predicate noun (subject complement)
これが答えになる理由
After a linking verb, a noun that renames the subject is a predicate noun, also called a subject complement. Linking verbs do not take direct objects.
答え
A · Predicate noun (subject complement)
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Unable to control the passing of it
これが答えになる理由
Incontinence is the loss of control over passing urine or stool.
答え
B · Unable to control the passing of it
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: C · A surgical opening into the stomach
これが答えになる理由
A gastrostomy is an opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall, often used for a feeding tube.
答え
C · A surgical opening into the stomach
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