一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
“The lungs contain millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli. Here, oxygen passes into the blood, and carbon dioxide passes out to be breathed away.” What happens in the alveoli?
AOxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
BFood is broken down into nutrients.
CBlood cells are made from bone marrow.
DAir is warmed before reaching the nose.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
“Hannah had always been the first to raise her hand. Since the accident, she sat at the back of the room and rarely spoke.” What does the contrast suggest?
AHannah moved to a new school after the accident.
BThe accident changed Hannah’s behaviour.
CHannah was always shy and quiet.
DHannah enjoyed sitting at the back.
3.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)ふつう
x = 3 × 0.7 を電卓なしで計算せよ。正確な値を答えてください。
x = 3 × 0.7
x =
4.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)むずかしい
円グラフは、ある病院の従業員 800 人が、部署 A〜D にどう分かれているかを示しています。 部署 A の扇形の角度 θ は何度ですか?
Which body system works with the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to body cells?
AThe circulatory system
BThe digestive system
CThe urinary system
DThe skeletal system
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
グラフが、ある酵素の活性が 20 °C から上がって 37 °C でピークとなり、そのあと急激に下がることを示している。最も適切な解釈はどれか。
A温度は酵素の活性に影響しない
B最適温度は約 37 °C で、それより高温では変性する
C酵素は 20 °C で最もよくはたらき、37 °C で破壊される
D温度が上がるほど、酵素は速くはたらき続ける
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
Radioactive iodine (iodine-131) is used to treat some thyroid conditions. Why does it reach the thyroid?
AIodine is strongly attracted to the metal ions stored in the neck
BRadiation is always drawn toward the head
CIodine-131 is not radioactive inside the body
DThe thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
How does a rise in temperature affect how much carbon dioxide gas can dissolve in a soft drink?
AMore gas dissolves, so warm drinks stay fizzy for longer
BTemperature has no effect on gas solubility
CThe gas turns into a solid at higher temperature
DLess gas dissolves, so warm drinks go flat faster
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct verb: “There ___ two messages for you at the desk.”
Awas
Bis
Chas been
Dare
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which revision fixes the comma splice by making one clause dependent? “The alarm sounded, the staff moved patients to safety.”
AThe alarm sounded. The staff moved patients to safety.
BWhen the alarm sounded, the staff moved patients to safety.
CThe alarm sounded; the staff moved patients to safety.
DThe alarm sounded, so the staff moved patients to safety.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient had a laceration on her scalp after the fall.”
AA raised lump under the skin
BA torn or jagged cut
CA heat burn
DA small rash
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse documented serous drainage from the wound.”
APink and mixed with some blood
BClear, thin and pale yellow
CBright red and mostly blood
DThick, cloudy and containing pus
3溶液
1.読解(入学試験)
答え: A · Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
これが答えになる理由
In the alveoli, oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out. This swap is called gas exchange.
答え
A · Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
2.読解(入学試験)
答え: B · The accident changed Hannah’s behaviour.
これが答えになる理由
Hannah went from eager to withdrawn after the accident, suggesting it affected her deeply. “Always the first to raise her hand” rules out her always being shy.
TSH 受容体抗体は TSH とは無関係に甲状腺を刺激します。その結果生じる高い T4 と T3 が、負のフィードバックによって下垂体の TSH を抑制します。
答え
D · T4 が高く TSH が低い。抗体が TSH 受容体を刺激するから
9.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: A · The circulatory system
これが答えになる理由
The lungs load oxygen into the blood, and the heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system carry it to the cells. The same systems bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
答え: D · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
これが答えになる理由
The thyroid absorbs iodine to make thyroid hormones and cannot tell radioactive iodine from normal iodine. So iodine-131 collects in the gland, where its radiation can destroy overactive thyroid tissue.
答え
D · The thyroid gland takes up iodine to make its hormones
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: D · Less gas dissolves, so warm drinks go flat faster
これが答えになる理由
Gas solubility decreases as temperature rises, because gas molecules gain energy and escape the liquid. Most solids show the opposite trend, dissolving better in hot water.
答え
D · Less gas dissolves, so warm drinks go flat faster
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · are
これが答えになる理由
The subject is “messages”, which is plural, so the verb is “are”. “There” is not the subject.
答え
D · are
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · When the alarm sounded, the staff moved patients to safety.
これが答えになる理由
B, C and D also fix the comma splice, but they keep both clauses independent. Only A adds the subordinating conjunction “when”, which makes the first clause dependent.
答え
B · When the alarm sounded, the staff moved patients to safety.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · A torn or jagged cut
これが答えになる理由
A laceration is a wound in which the skin is torn or cut, often with irregular edges.
答え
B · A torn or jagged cut
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Clear, thin and pale yellow
これが答えになる理由
Serous drainage is thin, clear to pale yellow fluid; pink drainage is serosanguineous and pus is purulent.
答え
B · Clear, thin and pale yellow
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