一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
“The temperature dropped below freezing overnight. In the morning, the puddles on the path were hard and slippery.” Why were the puddles hard?
AThe water in them had frozen into ice.
BSomeone had covered them with sand.
CThe sun had dried them out.
DRain had fallen on them all night.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
The author writes: “Since the city put up speed cameras, the number of crashes has fallen. The cameras also earned the city a lot of money in fines. Critics say this proves the cameras are only about money.” Why is the critics’ conclusion weak?
ACrashes increased after the cameras went up.
BThe cameras did not collect any money at all.
CThe critics do not live in the city.
DEarning money does not rule out improving safety.
Pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondria, and the Krebs cycle runs in the matrix, the fluid inside the inner membrane. The electron transport chain sits in the inner membrane itself.
答え
C · In the mitochondrial matrix
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: D · Movement of chloride ions through a membrane protein
これが答えになる理由
The CFTR protein lets chloride ions cross the membrane. When it is faulty, chloride and water movement is reduced, so secretions such as airway mucus become thick and sticky.
答え
D · Movement of chloride ions through a membrane protein
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: B · Potassium sulfide, K₂S
これが答えになる理由
Two K⁺ balance one S²⁻, so the formula is K₂S. A single-atom anion takes the ending "-ide": sulfide. Sulfate and sulfite contain oxygen.
答え
B · Potassium sulfide, K₂S
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · Inside the body, alpha particles deposit all their energy in nearby living cells
これが答えになる理由
Alpha particles are highly ionising but have a short range. Outside the body the dead outer skin stops them, but inside they release all their energy into living tissue nearby, causing heavy damage.
答え
A · Inside the body, alpha particles deposit all their energy in nearby living cells
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · supposed
これが答えになる理由
The expression is “be supposed to”, meaning expected or required. The final d is often silent in speech but must be written.
答え
A · supposed
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · The job requires patience, attention to detail and good communication.
これが答えになる理由
The first sentence lists three noun phrases. The others mix nouns, -ing forms, infinitives and clauses.
答え
A · The job requires patience, attention to detail and good communication.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Agreement given after understanding the risks and benefits
これが答えになる理由
Informed consent is voluntary agreement to treatment by a person who understands what it involves, its risks, benefits and alternatives.
答え
A · Agreement given after understanding the risks and benefits
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · A disease or disorder of the nerves
これが答えになる理由
Neur/o (nerve) + -pathy (disease). The study of nerves is neurology; a nerve cell is a neuron.
答え
A · A disease or disorder of the nerves
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