一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
A line graph shows the number of visitors to a park each month. The line rises steadily from January to July, then falls from August to December. Which statement best describes the data?
AVisits are the same in every month of the year.
BVisits fall in the first half and rise in the second.
CVisits peak around July and then fall towards December.
DVisits are highest in January and lowest in July.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
The author writes: “Some readers may find these figures alarming. Over the past decade, the number of nurses aged over 55 has doubled, while the number entering the profession has stayed flat.” What problem is the author most likely pointing to?
AA decrease in the number of hospitals
BToo many young people becoming nurses at the same time
CA possible future shortage of nurses as many retire
DNurses working too few hours each week
3.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)ふつう
あるレシピでは、マフィン 3 回分に小麦粉 9 カップを使います。同じ割合で、12 回分には小麦粉が何カップ x 必要ですか?
Which sequence describes the usual flow of genetic information in a cell?
ARNA to DNA to protein
BProtein to RNA to DNA
CDNA to protein to RNA
DDNA to RNA to protein
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物むずかしい
Why is one new DNA strand made in short pieces (Okazaki fragments) during replication?
AOnly half of the DNA needs to be copied
BDNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
CHelicase cuts that strand into pieces before copying
DThe lagging strand is made of RNA instead of DNA, so it must be built in pieces
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学ふつう
水素結合とは何か。
Aある分子の水素と、別の分子のO、N、F原子との間の引力
B水素の原子核内の結合
C水素イオンと金属の間のイオン結合
DH₂ における 2 つの水素原子間の共有結合
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学むずかしい
CO₂ in blood forms carbonic acid: CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃ ⇌ H⁺ + HCO₃⁻. An anxious patient hyperventilates and breathes off extra CO₂. What happens to blood pH?
AIt falls, because less CO₂ means more H⁺ ions
BIt falls, because oxygen is an acid
CIt rises, because less CO₂ means fewer H⁺ ions
DIt stays exactly 7.40, because CO₂ does not affect pH
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the correct word: “The charge nurse ___ the meeting yesterday.”
Alead
Bled
Cleaded
Dleed
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)むずかしい
Which sentence uses commas correctly with a coordinating conjunction?
AThe lab was closed so we, studied at home.
BThe lab was closed, so we studied at home.
CThe lab, was closed so we studied at home.
DThe lab was closed so, we studied at home.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)ふつう
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse noticed a tremor in the patient’s hands.”
AInvoluntary shaking
BJoint stiffness
CLoss of feeling
DMuscle weakness
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)むずかしい
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “After the stroke, the patient’s speech was ___, with words running into each other.”
Alucid
Beloquent
Carticulate
Dslurred
3溶液
1.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · Visits peak around July and then fall towards December.
これが答えになる理由
The line rises to July and then falls, so visits peak around July and decrease towards December. The graph gives months, not seasons, which differ between hemispheres.
答え
C · Visits peak around July and then fall towards December.
2.読解(入学試験)
答え: C · A possible future shortage of nurses as many retire
これが答えになる理由
If many nurses are nearing retirement and the number of new nurses is not growing, a shortage may follow.
答え
C · A possible future shortage of nurses as many retire
3.看護学校入学準備の数学(入学試験)
答え: x = 36 カップ
比と比例:比 a : b は 2 つの量を比べます。比例式では 2 つの比が等しく、a/b = c/d で、たすき掛け a·d = b·c で解きます。ある量を比 m : n で分けるには、m + n 個の等しい部分に分け、一方の取り分は m 個分、もう一方は n 個分です。
イヌリンは自由にろ過され、再吸収も分泌もされないので、クリアランスがそのまま GFR になります。クレアチニンは少し分泌されるので、GFR をやや過大評価します。
答え
C · イヌリン
9.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: D · DNA to RNA to protein
これが答えになる理由
Genes in DNA are transcribed into RNA, and mRNA is translated into protein. Retroviruses such as HIV are an exception, as they copy RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase.
答え
D · DNA to RNA to protein
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: B · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
これが答えになる理由
DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end. One strand (leading) is made continuously towards the fork, and the other (lagging) is made in short fragments that ligase later joins together.
答え
B · DNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
答え: C · It rises, because less CO₂ means fewer H⁺ ions
これが答えになる理由
Breathing off CO₂ shifts the equilibrium to the left, using up H⁺ ions. Lower [H⁺] means a higher pH, so the patient may develop respiratory alkalosis.
答え
C · It rises, because less CO₂ means fewer H⁺ ions
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · led
これが答えになる理由
The past tense of “lead” (to guide) is “led”. “Lead” spelled this way is the present tense or the name of a metal.
答え
B · led
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: B · The lab was closed, so we studied at home.
これが答えになる理由
When “so”, “and” or “but” joins two independent clauses, put a comma before the conjunction.
答え
B · The lab was closed, so we studied at home.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: A · Involuntary shaking
これが答えになる理由
A tremor is an involuntary, rhythmic shaking of a body part.
答え
A · Involuntary shaking
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: D · slurred
これが答えになる理由
Slurred speech is indistinct speech in which sounds run together, often caused by weak muscles after a stroke.
答え
D · slurred
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