一致と代名詞の格を確かめるために、句(of the …, along with …)や、余分な人(you and …)を取り除きましょう。
各節を確認します:単独で成り立ちますか? 独立節は、コンマ+接続詞またはセミコロンでつなぎます。
修飾語とリストを確認します:説明する句はその語の隣に、項目は同じ形にそろえます。
語の選択と文体では、正確でフォーマルな、簡潔な選択肢を選びましょう。
医療の語彙(入学試験)
解き方
文全体を読み、文脈の手がかりを探します:定義、対比、例、原因と結果。
知らない単語を接頭辞・語根・接尾辞に分け、それぞれの意味を考えます。
医学用語は、接尾辞から先頭に向かって読みます(hepat-itis:肝臓の炎症)。
各選択肢を文に当てはめて、意味が通るか確かめます。
その語に日常的な別の意味があっても、この文で使われている意味を選びます。
2演習問題
1.読解(入学試験)ふつう
“The hikers had planned to reach the summit by noon. But when dark clouds gathered and the wind grew stronger, the leader turned the group around.” Why did the leader turn the group around?
AThe weather was becoming dangerous.
BThe hikers were too hungry to go on.
CThe group had already reached the top.
DThe leader wanted to arrive before noon.
2.読解(入学試験)むずかしい
The author writes: “Since the city put up speed cameras, the number of crashes has fallen. The cameras also earned the city a lot of money in fines. Critics say this proves the cameras are only about money.” Why is the critics’ conclusion weak?
AThe cameras did not collect any money at all.
BEarning money does not rule out improving safety.
Genes in DNA are transcribed into RNA, and mRNA is translated into protein. Retroviruses such as HIV are an exception, as they copy RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase.
答え
D · DNA to RNA to protein
10.看護学校入学試験のための生物
答え: D · Nutrients run out and waste products build up
これが答えになる理由
In a closed culture, food is used up and toxic wastes accumulate. Births then equal deaths (stationary phase), and later deaths outnumber divisions (death phase).
答え
D · Nutrients run out and waste products build up
11.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: A · Potassium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
これが答えになる理由
Potassium is below sodium in group 1. Its outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded, so it is lost more easily and potassium reacts more vigorously.
答え
A · Potassium, because its outer electron is farther from the nucleus
12.看護学校入学試験のための化学
答え: C · The glucose units are linked differently, and humans lack an enzyme to break cellulose's links
これが答えになる理由
Starch and cellulose differ in how their glucose units are bonded. Human digestive enzymes can hydrolyse the links in starch but not those in cellulose, so cellulose passes through as dietary fibre.
答え
C · The glucose units are linked differently, and humans lack an enzyme to break cellulose's links
13.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: D · everyone’s opinion
これが答えになる理由
Indefinite pronouns such as everyone and somebody form the possessive with ’s: everyone’s, somebody’s.
答え
D · everyone’s opinion
14.英文法と言語運用(入学試験)
答え: A · The patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
これが答えになる理由
“Feeling dizzy” adds information about the patient and can be removed, so it is enclosed by a pair of commas.
答え
A · The patient, feeling dizzy, sat down.
15.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · Fainting
これが答えになる理由
Syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.
答え
B · Fainting
16.医療の語彙(入学試験)
答え: B · ren/o
これが答えになる理由
Ren/o (like nephr/o) means kidney. Rhin/o is nose, hepat/o liver and oste/o bone.
答え
B · ren/o
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