1공식과 풀이 방법
감염 관리와 환자 안전
방법
- 모든 환자에게 표준주의부터 시작하세요: 손 위생, 예상되는 노출에 맞는 개인보호구, 안전한 날카로운 기구 관리.
- 전파 경로별 주의를 추가하세요: 접촉(가운, 장갑), 비말(수술용 마스크), 공기(N95, 음압실).
- 멸균 물품은 멸균 상태로 유지하세요: 의심되면 멸균이 아닙니다. 닦지 말고 교체하세요.
- 환경에서 해를 예방하세요: 낙상 예방 조치, 신체 억제는 마지막 수단, 화재에는 RACE와 PASS.
- 투약의 권리, 두 가지 환자 확인, 고위험 약물의 추가 안전장치를 확인하고, 오류와 아차사고를 보고하세요.
2연습 문제
1.감염 관리와 환자 안전보통
Why is “QD” (once daily) on The Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” list?
- AIt can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
- BIt is only allowed for intravenous medicines
- CIt means “every day at bedtime” in some hospitals
- DIt is a Latin abbreviation, and only plain English abbreviations may be used
2.감염 관리와 환자 안전어려움
A patient on chemotherapy develops shingles over several areas on both sides of the body. Which precautions are needed?
- AContact precautions only, with gloves for dressing changes
- BStandard precautions only, with the lesions covered
- CDroplet precautions until the pain settles
- DAirborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
3.기본간호학보통
A nurse posts about an "interesting patient" on social media without naming them. Why is this a problem?
- AIt is only a problem if the post also includes a photograph of the patient
- BThe patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
- CIt is not a problem if the account is private
- DIt is not a problem because no name was given
4.기본간호학어려움
Three days after abdominal surgery, a patient coughs and the wound opens with bowel visible. What should the nurse do first?
- ACover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
- BLeave the wound uncovered so the surgeon can see it
- CPush the bowel gently back into the abdomen, then apply a firm bandage over it
- DSit the patient fully upright and ask them to cough again
5.미생물학보통
고압증기멸균기는 기구를 어떻게 멸균하나요?
- A약 121 °C의 가압 증기로
- B약 60 °C의 건열로
- C실온의 알코올 증기로
- D자외선만으로
6.미생물학어려움
한 여행자가 사하라 이남 아프리카에서 돌아와 발열이 있습니다. 말라리아가 의심됩니다. 중증 및 뇌 말라리아를 일으킬 가능성이 가장 높은 종은 무엇인가요?
- APlasmodium ovale
- BPlasmodium malariae
- CPlasmodium vivax
- DPlasmodium falciparum
3용액
1.감염 관리와 환자 안전
답: A · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
이것이 답인 이유
“QD” and “QOD” can be confused with each other and with “QID”, leading to serious dosing errors. The word “daily” or “every other day” is written in full instead.
A · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
2.감염 관리와 환자 안전
답: D · Airborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
이것이 답인 이유
Lesions over several areas on both sides mean disseminated zoster, which can spread through the air like chickenpox. Airborne and contact precautions are used until all lesions are dry and crusted. Localized zoster in an immunocompromised patient also needs airborne and contact precautions, but only until dissemination is ruled out.
D · Airborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted
3.기본간호학
답: B · The patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
이것이 답인 이유
Details such as the ward, the condition or the date can reveal who a patient is. Professional codes forbid sharing patient information on social media, even without names.
B · The patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
4.기본간호학
답: A · Cover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
이것이 답인 이유
Evisceration is a surgical emergency. The nurse stays with the patient, covers the bowel with sterile moist dressings, positions them to reduce tension on the wound and calls for urgent surgical review.
A · Cover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
5.미생물학
답: A · 약 121 °C의 가압 증기로
이것이 답인 이유
가압 증기는 약 121 °C에 도달하여 포자를 포함한 모든 미생물을 죽이며, 보통 적재량에 따라 약 15분 이상 걸립니다.
6.미생물학
답: D · Plasmodium falciparum
이것이 답인 이유
P. falciparum은 매우 높은 기생충 수치를 일으키고 감염된 적혈구가 뇌를 포함한 작은 혈관에 달라붙게 합니다. 사하라 이남 아프리카에 흔하며 응급 상황입니다.
D · Plasmodium falciparum