감염 관리와 환자 안전: 벼락치기 팩

A nurse’s hands are dry and cracked from frequent hand hygiene. What is the best approach?

1. AUse the hand lotion approved by the facility to keep the skin intact
2. BUse any lotion from home, whatever its contents
3. CWear gloves all day instead of cleaning the hands between patients
4. DStop hand hygiene until the skin heals

A patient given naloxone for an opioid overdose wakes up. An hour later, the patient is drowsy again with slow breathing. What is the likely reason?

1. AThe patient is simply tired after the event
2. BNaloxone wears off sooner than many opioids, so the opioid effect returns
3. CThe patient is now allergic to naloxone
4. DNaloxone itself causes slow breathing and drowsiness once it has been given

A bedbound patient who has not opened their bowels for a week now has liquid stool leaking constantly. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AFaecal impaction with overflow
2. BNormal bowel function returning
3. CA side effect of drinking too much water
4. DAn infection that needs antidiarrhoeal drugs at once

A patient wants to keep taking St John's wort, a herbal remedy, while in hospital. Why should the nurse tell the prescriber?

1. AIt interacts with many medicines and can reduce their effect
2. BHerbal remedies are always banned in hospital
3. CIt has no effects, so it is a waste of time
4. DIt must be swapped for a prescribed antidepressant at once

진단 검사실에서 PCR은 무엇을 하나요?

1. A환자 혈청 검체에서 특정 항체의 수준을 측정한다
2. B특정 DNA 서열을 검출할 수 있도록 많은 사본을 만든다
3. C한천 배지에서 세균을 더 빨리 키운다
4. D세균을 볼 수 있도록 염색한다

팬데믹을 일으키는 완전히 새로운 인플루엔자 A 아형을 만들 수 있는 과정은 무엇인가요?

1. A박테리오파지에 의한 용원성 전환
2. B유전자 분절의 재편성에 의한 항원 대변이(antigenic shift)
3. C유리 DNA에 의한 형질전환
4. D점돌연변이가 서서히 쌓이는 항원 소변이(antigenic drift)