NCLEX-PN 스타일 연습 문제 (LPN/LVN): 벼락치기 팩

환자의 체온 38.6 °C, 심박수 118/분, 호흡수 24/분이고 새로 혼란이 생겼습니다. 가장 먼저 무엇을 의심해야 하나요?

1. A물을 적게 마셔서 생긴 탈수만
2. B패혈증
3. C저혈당만
4. D정상적인 수술 후 회복

For a patient at risk of pressure ulcers, why is the head of the bed usually kept at 30 degrees or less if their condition allows?

1. ALower angles increase blood flow to the heels
2. BHigher angles always cause breathing problems in patients who are bedbound
3. CLower angles stop the patient from getting out of bed
4. DHigher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum

A parent calls because a toddler has swallowed some household cleaner. The child is awake and breathing normally. What should the nurse advise first?

1. AGive syrup of ipecac from the medicine cabinet
2. BMake the child vomit, using a finger at the back of the throat
3. CWait to see whether any symptoms develop over the next day
4. DContact the local poison advice service now for specific advice

A patient on oxygen needs an MRI scan. Which plan is safe?

1. ARemove the oxygen for the scan without telling anyone
2. BTake the usual steel cylinder into the room if it is tightly strapped to the trolley frame
3. CLeave the steel cylinder on the patient’s bed during the scan
4. DUse only MRI-safe equipment, and never take a standard steel oxygen cylinder into the scanner room

갑상선 수술 4시간 후 간호사가 가장 먼저 조치해야 할 환자 소견은 무엇인가요?

1. A점점 더 쉬어 가는 목소리와 새로 생긴 시끄러운 호흡
2. B마시기 위해 일어나 앉고 싶다는 요청
3. C목 드레싱에 보이는 소량의 장액성 배액
4. D절개 부위 통증 4/10

Two days after starting haloperidol, a patient suddenly develops painful neck twisting and the eyes roll upwards. What should the nurse anticipate?

1. AAn anticholinergic drug, such as benztropine or procyclidine, as prescribed
2. BPhysical restraint until the spasm passes
3. CNo action, because the spasm is a sign of improvement
4. DA higher dose of haloperidol to calm the patient and stop the movements quickly

A patient has a fentanyl patch for chronic pain. Which advice is correct?

1. AApply the patch to broken skin for faster effect
2. BKeep using the old patch with the new one
3. CCut the patch in half if the pain improves, to lower the dose
4. DAvoid heat sources such as hot water bottles over the patch

복부 수술 후 환자가 8시간 동안 소변을 보지 못했고, 아랫배 불편감이 있으며 방광이 만져집니다. 가장 가능성 높은 문제는?

1. A요정체 없는 요로감염
2. B탈수만
3. C소변 생성이 없는 급성 콩팥 손상
4. D급성 요정체

A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?

1. AA fall in the white cell count
2. BA rise in blood glucose
3. CA fall in serum sodium
4. DA rise in serum potassium

오래된 폐 질환이 있는 환자의 혈청 중탄산염이 32 mEq/L, 동맥 PaCO₂가 늘 높고 pH는 7.36입니다. 어떤 상태가 가장 잘 맞나요?

1. A심한 탈수와 구토를 동반한 급성 당뇨병성 케톤산증
2. B빠른 호흡을 동반한 급성 아스피린 과다 복용
3. C많은 중탄산염 손실을 동반한 급성 중증 설사
4. D만성 CO₂ 저류와 대사성 보상을 동반한 COPD

When does oseltamivir give the most benefit in influenza?

1. AAt any time, as the timing makes no difference
2. BOnly after symptoms have lasted at least one week
3. CWhen started within 48 hours of the first symptoms
4. DOnly after a bacterial pneumonia has developed

일부 수용체는 작용제가 없어도 활성을 보입니다. 이런 수용체에서 역작용제(inverse agonist)는 중성 길항제와 어떻게 다른가요?

1. A활성을 기저 수준 아래로 낮춘다
2. B수용체를 영구적으로 파괴한다
3. C활성을 기저 수준 위로 높인다
4. D단독으로 투여하면 효과가 없다

Why should a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) never be used alone in asthma?

1. AIt works only when it is taken together with a course of antibiotics
2. BIt cannot be inhaled without a nebuliser
3. CWithout an inhaled steroid, it is linked with severe and fatal attacks
4. DIt always causes immediate severe bronchospasm when used on its own

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AStopping now will make the operation more dangerous
2. BStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
3. CIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
4. DSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. ADry mouth and constipation
2. BDiarrhoea and heavy sweating
3. CA cough and a raised potassium
4. DWeight loss and a fast tremor

A nurse teaches a patient with CKD and a high potassium about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
2. B"I will keep bananas and dried fruit to a minimum."
3. C"I will check food labels for added salt when I go shopping."
4. D"I will boil my potatoes and throw away the water."

Dysphagia that started with solids and now includes liquids, with weight loss, most suggests which cause?

1. ANormal ageing of the swallowing muscles
2. BSimple anxiety about swallowing tablets
3. CA dry mouth from drinking too little water
4. DA narrowing such as an oesophageal tumour

A nurse has a needlestick injury after taking blood from a patient with hepatitis B. What should the nurse do first?

1. AScrub the area hard with a nail brush and alcohol
2. BFinish the shift and report it the next day
3. CSuck the wound to remove as much of the blood as possible
4. DWash the site with soap and running water, without scrubbing

A woman is about to get out of bed for the first time after birth. What should the nurse do?

1. ALet her walk alone so she feels independent
2. BWait until day 3 before letting her stand
3. CAsk her to stand quickly to reduce dizziness
4. DHelp her sit, then stand slowly with support

A woman in her first antenatal visit discloses that her partner hits her. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

1. AAdvise her that the violence will probably stop now that she is pregnant
2. BTalk with her alone, assess her safety and offer support
3. CAsk her partner to join the conversation to hear both sides
4. DRecord it but avoid discussing it further to protect her privacy

In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, which assessment is especially important?

1. APeak flow
2. BSerum bilirubin
3. CBlood pressure
4. DBlood glucose

A child with a new forearm cast has severe pain not relieved by analgesia and screams when the nurse gently moves the fingers. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACompartment syndrome; report it at once
2. BItching under the cast; give an antihistamine
3. CNormal pain after a fracture; give more time
4. DAnxiety; distract the child with play

A patient taking valproate is starting lamotrigine. Why must lamotrigine be increased especially slowly?

1. AThe two drugs together cause severe hair growth
2. BLamotrigine will lower the valproate level until it has no effect
3. CValproate makes lamotrigine work faster, so the dose must be increased quickly
4. DValproate raises lamotrigine levels, which increases the risk of a serious rash

A patient on daily methadone maintenance has had abdominal surgery. Which statement about his pain management is correct?

1. AHis methadone should be stopped while he is in hospital
2. BHe should get no opioids at all, because of his history
3. CHis usual methadone should continue, and additional analgesia is usually needed for acute pain
4. DHis usual methadone dose will fully control his post-operative pain, so no other analgesia should be given

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 용량이 10:15 AM에 기록되어 있습니다. 24시간제로 같은 시각인 항목은 어느 것입니까? 클릭하세요.

1. 109:15
2. 211:15
3. 310:15
4. 422:15

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 주입이 20 mcg/min을 투여합니다. 이 용량 속도 D을(를) mg/h로 나타내세요.

체중 20 kg인 어린이에게 어떤 약이 2 mg/kg으로 처방되었습니다. 원액은 20 mg/mL입니다. 용량을 채우세요: 몇 V를 투여합니까?

처방은 380 마이크로그램입니다. 앰플은 1 mg/mL입니다. 1 mL 주사기에 용량을 채우세요: 몇 V를 투여합니까?

15 gtt/mL 세트로 점적이 50 gtt/min으로 들어갑니다. 환자는 8시간 동안 몇 mL V을 받나요?

백에 250 mL당 약 250 mg이 들어 있고 5 mL/h로 주입됩니다. 환자는 시간당 몇 mg D을 받나요?

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 기록표는 한 12시간 근무조 동안 환자의 섭취량과 배설량을 보여 줍니다. 정맥 주입은 근무조 내내 표시된 속도로 들어갔습니다. 총섭취량 I을(를) mL 단위로 구하세요.

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 500 mL 주입을 15:00에 120 mL/h로 시작합니다. 3시간 후 속도를 80 mL/h로 바꾸고 이후로는 바꾸지 않습니다. 시작 후 몇 시간 t 뒤에 백이 비나요? 소수 첫째 자리까지 반올림하세요.

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 연습용 환자를 Morse 낙상 척도로 평가했습니다: 최근 3개월 이내의 낙상 병력: 예; 이차 진단: 예; 보행 보조: 목발, 지팡이 또는 보행기; 정맥 치료 또는 생리식염수 잠금: 예; 걸음걸이: 약함; 정신 상태: 한계를 과대평가하거나 잊음. Morse 총점 MFS을(를) 구하세요.

연습 문제(임의로 만든 값이며 임상 지침이 아닙니다). 연습용 신생아의 출생 1분 소견: 분홍색 몸과 푸른 손발, 심박수 75/min, 자극하면 찡그림, 팔다리를 약간 굽힘, 호흡 없음. APGAR를 채점하고 그 점수가 어떻게 해석되는지 클릭하세요.

1. 1안심할 수 있음
2. 2중등도 이상
3. 3낮음