공식 모음, 모든 주제의 핵심 풀이 단계, 연습 문제 14개가 들어 있으며 전체 풀이는 맨 뒤에 있습니다.
A patient receiving an aminoglycoside antibiotic, such as gentamicin, reports ringing in the ears. What should the nurse do?
A patient suddenly has severe pain in one leg. The leg is pale and cold with no pedal pulse. What does this suggest?
A parent says, “I tell my son his medicine is candy so he takes it.” What should the nurse teach?
A nurse caring for a patient with influenza on droplet precautions will assist with an aerosol-generating procedure, such as bronchoscopy. What change in PPE is needed?
헤파린을 주입 중인 환자의 aPTT가 110초입니다. 프로토콜 목표는 대조군 30초의 1.5–2.5배입니다. 간호사는 어떻게 해야 하나요?
A patient on hemodialysis receives epoetin, but the hemoglobin has not risen in 2 months. Which results should be checked first?
What should a patient be told before using sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin) spray for angina?
A postoperative patient on IV fluids has a sodium of 128 mmol/L and is becoming confused. Which fluid could make this worse if given in large amounts?
A patient has just started an ACE inhibitor. Which blood tests are usually checked within the first one to two weeks?
A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?
A patient with Alzheimer's disease starts donepezil. Which side effects should the nurse look for?
A patient who had pituitary surgery has fatigue and feels cold. TSH is low, and free T4 is low. What is the most likely cause?
Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?
An 80 kg adult has 30% TBSA partial- and full-thickness burns. Using the Parkland formula, how much crystalloid is planned for the first 8 hours from the time of the burn?
답: A · Hold the next dose and report it promptly
Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity, which may be permanent. Tinnitus or hearing loss is reported promptly, and drug levels and kidney function are checked.
답: C · Acute arterial occlusion, which is an emergency
Sudden pain, pallor, coldness and loss of pulse suggest an embolus blocking an artery. The limb can be lost within hours, so the nurse escalates immediately.
답: C · Do not call medicine candy, because the child may take it when no one is watching
Calling medicine candy encourages children to look for it and swallow it, which can lead to poisoning. Parents are taught to call medicine medicine and keep it locked away.
답: A · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
Aerosol-generating procedures can spread influenza in small particles that a surgical mask does not filter well. Staff wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 in the US, FFP3 in the UK), eye protection, gown and gloves, and the number of people in the room is kept low.
답: A · 헤파린 프로토콜을 따르고, 출혈 여부를 확인하며, 의료인에게 알린다
110초는 목표인 약 45–75초를 크게 넘으므로 출혈 위험이 높습니다. 간호사는 헤파린 프로토콜을 따르고, 출혈을 사정하며, 의료인에게 알립니다. 프로타민은 헤파린의 길항제이고 비타민 K는 와파린의 길항제입니다.확인 출처: Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
답: D · Ferritin and transferrin saturation
Iron deficiency is the most common reason for a poor response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, because the marrow needs iron to make hemoglobin. Ferritin and transferrin saturation are checked, and IV iron is often given in dialysis patients. Infection and inflammation can also blunt the response.확인 출처: Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024); Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)
답: C · Sit down before using it, as it can cause dizziness and low blood pressure
GTN causes vasodilation, which can lead to headache, flushing, dizziness and hypotension. Patients should sit, and seek emergency help if the pain does not settle after the advised doses.
답: C · 5% glucose (D5W)
The glucose in 5% glucose is metabolised, leaving free water that dilutes the plasma sodium further. Postoperative patients often have raised ADH, so large volumes of hypotonic fluid can cause dangerous hyponatraemia.
답: B · Potassium and creatinine
ACE inhibitors lower aldosterone, so potassium can rise, and they reduce glomerular filtration pressure, so creatinine can rise, especially with renal artery stenosis or dehydration. Baseline and early follow-up urea, electrolytes and creatinine are standard.
답: A · Her risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
In AF, blood stasis in the left atrium causes clots that can travel to the brain. Scores such as CHA₂DS₂-VASc (age, hypertension, diabetes, female sex and others) estimate stroke risk; her score is high. Anticoagulation reduces stroke risk but does not change the rhythm.
답: A · Nausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Raised acetylcholine can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, vivid dreams and bradycardia, which can lead to dizziness or fainting.
답: D · Secondary hypothyroidism
When the pituitary cannot make enough TSH, the thyroid is not stimulated, so both TSH and free T4 are low. In primary thyroid failure, TSH is high. In secondary hypothyroidism, free T4, not TSH, is used to guide the dose.
답: A · To detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
Fluid balance charts record IV and oral intake against urine, drains, vomit and NG losses. Trends help detect hypovolaemia, overload and acute kidney injury.
답: B · 4800 mL
Parkland gives 4 × 80 × 30 = 9600 mL in 24 hours, with half (4800 mL) in the first 8 hours from the time of injury. The rate is then adjusted to urine output and clinical response. Many burn centres now start lower, for example at 2 mL/kg/%TBSA in adults, and titrate to urine output.
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