공식 모음, 모든 주제의 핵심 풀이 단계, 연습 문제 14개가 들어 있으며 전체 풀이는 맨 뒤에 있습니다.
Which medication order should the nurse question?
An infant is choking and cannot cry or breathe. Which technique is correct?
A woman who is pregnant asks for the MMR vaccine because she is not immune to rubella. What is correct?
A patient with a common cold asks for antibiotics “to be on the safe side”. Which response is best?
A patient scheduled for surgery this morning has a potassium of 3.0 mEq/L on pre-operative tests. What should the nurse do?
A patient with severe hypertriglyceridemia has a measured sodium of 128 mEq/L, but a measured serum osmolality is normal, and the patient has no symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?
패혈증이 의심되는 환자에게 혈청 젖산을 측정하는 이유는?
After a viral illness, a patient has sharp chest pain that is worse lying flat and eased by sitting forward. What is the most likely cause?
Which finding shows that long-standing hypertension has caused target organ damage?
A patient taking warfarin for AF falls and hits their head. An hour later they are drowsy and have vomited. What is the priority?
A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?
A 74-year-old falls forward and hits their chin. Their arms are much weaker than their legs, and they have burning pain in the hands. Which injury is most likely?
삼출물이 많은 상처에 일반적으로 적합한 드레싱은?
A patient with a toe ulcer says the leg pain is worse at night and eases when they hang the leg over the side of the bed. What does this suggest?
답: D · Potassium chloride by IV push
Potassium chloride must never be given by IV push, because a rapid dose can cause cardiac arrest. It is diluted and given slowly through an infusion pump.
답: B · Back blows and chest thrusts
For a choking infant, the nurse gives cycles of five back blows and five chest thrusts. Abdominal thrusts are not used in infants, and blind finger sweeps can push the object deeper.
답: A · MMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
Live vaccines such as MMR and varicella are not given during pregnancy. A non-immune woman is vaccinated after delivery, and pregnancy is avoided for a period after vaccination.
답: B · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
Colds are caused by viruses, which antibiotics do not kill. Unneeded antibiotics cause side effects and drive resistance, so the nurse explains this and offers advice on managing symptoms.
답: D · Report it to the surgical team before surgery
Hypokalemia increases the risk of arrhythmias during anesthesia and can prolong muscle weakness. Abnormal pre-operative results are reported to the surgeon and anesthetist, who decide whether to correct it or delay surgery.확인 출처: Hypokalemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2025)
답: C · Pseudohyponatremia, an artifact caused by very high lipids
Very high lipids or proteins take up part of the plasma volume, so some laboratory methods report a falsely low sodium. The osmolality and the sodium measured by direct methods are normal. Treating this "hyponatremia" would be harmful.
답: B · 젖산 상승은 조직 관류 저하와 더 높은 위험을 나타내기 때문에
조직 관류가 나쁘면 젖산이 올라갑니다. 패혈증에서 높은 젖산은 더 심한 중증도를 뜻하며 수액 소생의 지침으로 사용됩니다.
답: A · Pericarditis
Pericarditis typically causes sharp, positional chest pain relieved by sitting forward, sometimes with a pericardial rub. Viral infection is a common cause.
답: A · Left ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG
Target organ damage from hypertension includes left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy, chronic kidney disease with proteinuria, and stroke. Its presence changes treatment urgency and targets.
답: D · Urgent escalation for CT of the head and anticoagulant reversal
Head injury in an anticoagulated patient with drowsiness or vomiting suggests intracranial haemorrhage. Urgent CT, neurological observations, an INR and rapid reversal (for warfarin, prothrombin complex concentrate and IV vitamin K) are needed.
답: C · They increase, because dialysis removes amino acids
Before dialysis, a moderate protein intake may be advised. Dialysis removes amino acids and protein, so needs rise, and malnutrition is a common risk. A renal dietitian sets individual targets.
답: A · Central cord syndrome
Central cord syndrome often follows hyperextension of an arthritic neck. The central fibres, which serve the arms, are affected most, so the arms are weaker than the legs. It is the most common incomplete cord syndrome.
답: A · 알지네이트 또는 폼
알지네이트와 폼은 많은 양의 삼출물을 흡수합니다. 하이드로겔은 건조한 상처에 수분을 더하고, 필름은 삼출물이 적은 표재성 상처에 적합하며, 마른 거즈는 상처 바닥에 달라붙습니다. 주변 피부는 짓무름으로부터 보호합니다.
답: D · Arterial insufficiency
Rest pain eased by dependency is typical of severe peripheral arterial disease. Elevating the leg worsens pain, and compression is avoided. Vascular assessment is needed.
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