공식 모음, 모든 주제의 핵심 풀이 단계, 연습 문제 14개가 들어 있으며 전체 풀이는 맨 뒤에 있습니다.
Using the Emergency Severity Index, which level fits a 70-year-old with chest pressure that suggests a heart attack, but normal vital signs?
A severely malnourished patient started nutrition two days ago and now has weakness and confusion. Which laboratory result should the nurse check first?
Why is blood glucose control important around the time of surgery?
Which patient with a suspected infection meets the qSOFA criteria that signal a higher risk of a poor outcome?
와파린을 복용하는 환자가 매일 케일과 시금치를 많이 먹기 시작했습니다. INR이 떨어졌습니다. 가장 적절한 조언은 무엇인가요?
A patient on IV gentamicin has a trough level above the target, and the creatinine has risen since yesterday. The next dose is due. What is the best action?
Which features suggest Cushing's syndrome?
수봉식 흉관 배액 관리에서 옳은 행동은?
How big should a suction catheter be compared with the tracheostomy or endotracheal tube?
An 84-year-old with heart failure becomes breathless with new crackles and a rising blood pressure during a blood transfusion. What should the nurse suspect?
Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?
Which advice helps prevent dumping syndrome after gastrectomy?
After signing the consent form, a patient tells the nurse, "I don't really understand what they are going to do." What should the nurse do?
답: C · Level 2
Possible acute coronary syndrome is a high-risk situation, so the patient is ESI level 2 and should be seen very soon. Level 1 is kept for patients who need an immediate life-saving intervention.
답: B · Serum phosphate
In refeeding syndrome, a sudden change to carbohydrate metabolism moves phosphate, potassium and magnesium into cells. Low phosphate can cause weakness, confusion, heart failure and breathing problems.
답: C · High glucose impairs white cell function and raises the risk of surgical site infection
Hyperglycemia weakens neutrophil function and slows healing, so it increases the risk of surgical site infection. Keeping glucose in the target range is part of infection prevention for surgical patients.
답: B · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
qSOFA scores one point each for a respiratory rate of 22/min or more, altered mental status and a systolic BP of 100 mmHg or less. Two or more points mean higher risk, so the first patient needs urgent escalation.
답: B · 비타민 K가 풍부한 음식의 섭취량을 날마다 일정하게 유지한다
비타민 K는 와파린에 대항하므로 잎채소를 많이 먹으면 INR이 낮아집니다. 환자가 이런 음식을 피할 필요는 없지만 용량을 올바르게 정할 수 있도록 섭취량을 일정하게 유지해야 합니다.확인 출처: Warfarin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Taking warfarin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
답: B · Hold the dose and report the results to the prescriber
A high aminoglycoside trough with rising creatinine means the drug is accumulating, which increases the risk of kidney damage and hearing loss. The nurse holds the dose, reports to the prescriber and asks about hearing changes and tinnitus. Only the prescriber or pharmacist changes the regimen.확인 출처: Gentamicin sulfate injection - Boxed Warning (US prescribing information) · Pfizer Medical Information (FDA label)
답: C · Weight gain around the trunk, a rounded face and thin, easily bruised skin
Excess cortisol causes central obesity, a moon face, thin skin, purple striae, muscle weakness and high glucose. The other options describe hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease and acromegaly.
답: A · 배액병을 가슴 높이보다 낮게 유지한다
병을 가슴보다 낮게 두어야 액체와 공기가 흉막강으로 돌아가지 않습니다. 일상적인 관 잠금은 긴장성 기흉을 일으킬 수 있습니다.
답: C · No more than half the internal diameter of the tube
A catheter no larger than half the internal diameter of the tube lets air enter around it, reducing negative pressure in the lungs, atelectasis and hypoxaemia. Catheter size is often calculated from the tube size.
답: C · Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload causes breathlessness, crackles, raised BP and JVP during or soon after transfusion, especially in older people and those with heart or kidney disease. The transfusion is stopped or slowed, the patient sat up and given oxygen, and diuretics may be prescribed. Slow rates and single units with reassessment reduce the risk.
답: D · A weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
Rapid weight gain reflects fluid retention. Oedema, breathlessness, crackles in the lungs and a raised blood pressure are other signs. Daily weights are a simple and reliable way to track fluid balance.
답: B · Low blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
Hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage may come from SIADH or cerebral salt wasting. Restricting fluid can cause hypovolaemia, which makes delayed cerebral ischaemia more likely. Sodium is usually corrected with fluids or salt under specialist advice.
답: D · Small, frequent meals low in simple sugars, with fluids between meals
Small meals, fewer simple sugars, more protein and fibre, and taking fluids between rather than with meals slow emptying and reduce fluid shifts. Lying down briefly after meals can also help.
답: C · Inform the surgeon so that the procedure can be explained again
Valid consent requires understanding. The nurse advocates for the patient and asks the surgeon (who obtains consent) to explain again before surgery goes ahead. The conversation is documented.
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