Which room lighting is safest at night for a patient at high risk of falls?
ABright overhead lights left on all night in the room
BA low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
CComplete darkness so the patient sleeps more deeply
DOnly the light from the television screen
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A nurse calls a provider using SBAR about a patient with falling blood pressure. Which statement is the “Recommendation”?
A“He is 72 and had a bowel resection yesterday.”
B“His blood pressure has fallen from 130/80 to 88/50 over the last two hours.”
C“I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
D“I am calling about Mr. Jansen in room 12, who is hypotensive.”
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
When are non-sterile gloves needed?
AFor every patient contact, including taking a pulse or blood pressure
BWhen contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
COnly when handling medicines
DOnly when the patient is known to have an infection
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
A patient says they have no pain, but grimaces and holds their side whenever they move. What should the nurse do?
AExplore the difference gently and assess the pain further
BGive the strongest analgesic available straight away
CRecord "no pain" and take no further action
DTell the patient they are not being honest
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Bahagian sistem imun yang manakah menghasilkan antibodi?
ANeutrofil
BSel pembunuh semula jadi
CSel plasma yang berasal daripada limfosit B
DSel T sitotoksik yang diaktifkan dalam nodus limfa
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Ujian darah seorang pekerja penjagaan kesihatan positif untuk anti-HBs (antibodi permukaan hepatitis B) dan negatif untuk HBsAg serta anti-HBc. Apakah maksudnya yang paling berkemungkinan?
AJangkitan semula jadi lampau yang telah sembuh
BImuniti daripada vaksinasi hepatitis B
CJangkitan hepatitis B akut semasa
DJangkitan hepatitis B kronik
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: B · A low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
Mengapa ini jawapannya
A night light lets the patient see obstacles and the way to the bathroom without disturbing sleep. Many falls happen in the dark on the way to the toilet.
Jawapan
B · A low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: C · “I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
Mengapa ini jawapannya
In SBAR, the situation names the problem, the background gives the history, the assessment shares the nurse’s findings and judgement, and the recommendation states a clear request with a time frame.
Jawapan
C · “I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: B · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Under standard precautions, gloves are worn when exposure to blood or body fluids is likely. Wearing them for all contact gives false security and can spread germs if not changed.
Jawapan
B · When contact with blood, body fluids or broken skin is expected
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Explore the difference gently and assess the pain further
Mengapa ini jawapannya
When cues conflict, the nurse looks further. Patients may play pain down for many reasons, such as not wanting to bother staff or fearing side effects.
Jawapan
A · Explore the difference gently and assess the pain further
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: C · Sel plasma yang berasal daripada limfosit B
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Sel B yang diaktifkan berdiferensiasi menjadi sel plasma, yang merembeskan antibodi. Sel T sitotoksik dan sel NK membunuh sel yang dijangkiti secara langsung.
Jawapan
C · Sel plasma yang berasal daripada limfosit B
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: B · Imuniti daripada vaksinasi hepatitis B
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Vaksin mengandungi HBsAg, maka orang yang divaksin menghasilkan anti-HBs tetapi tiada anti-HBc. Jangkitan semula jadi lampau memberikan kedua-dua anti-HBs dan anti-HBc, dan jangkitan berterusan menunjukkan HBsAg.