Before inserting a peripheral IV, the nurse cleans the skin with chlorhexidine-alcohol. What should the nurse do next?
ALet it dry fully and do not touch the site again
BBlow on the site so it dries faster
CWipe it off with a dry gauze straight away
DFeel for the vein again with an ungloved finger
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar
A nurse teaches a patient about care of a surgical incision at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will call the clinic if I get a fever or more pain around the wound.”
B“If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
C“I will wash my hands with soap before I touch or change the dressing.”
D“I will keep the dressing clean and dry as I was shown.”
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana
Why must a respirator such as an FFP3 or N95 mask be fit-tested?
AFit-testing checks whether the patient is still infectious
BFit-testing makes the mask reusable for a week
CIt only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
DIt must be tested to check it is the right colour
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar
An older woman with severe arthritis has normal bladder control but wets herself because she cannot reach the toilet in time. Which type of incontinence is this?
AFunctional incontinence
BStress incontinence
CUrge incontinence
DOverflow incontinence
5.MikrobiologiSederhana
Toxoplasma gondii merupakan risiko semasa kehamilan. Nasihat manakah yang mengurangkan pendedahan?
AElakkan sentuhan dengan anjing
BElakkan semua buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran
CElakkan kolam renang dan semua kawasan mandi awam yang lain
DElakkan membersihkan najis kucing dan elakkan daging yang kurang masak
6.MikrobiologiSukar
Mengapakah seseorang boleh mendapat influenza berkali-kali tetapi campak biasanya sekali sahaja?
AVirus campak tidak mempunyai antigen permukaan
BCampak disebabkan oleh bakteria
CVirus influenza kerap mengubah antigen permukaannya
DInfluenza menyerang dan memusnahkan sel memori yang terbentuk selepas jangkitan
3Larutan
1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: A · Let it dry fully and do not touch the site again
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Chlorhexidine-alcohol must dry completely to kill organisms effectively. Touching the site after cleaning contaminates it, so the vein is located before prepping or with a sterile glove.
Jawapan
A · Let it dry fully and do not touch the site again
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit
Jawapan: B · “If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Increasing redness, purulent drainage, fever and worsening pain are signs of surgical site infection and should be reported promptly. Waiting a month could allow the infection to spread.
Jawapan
B · “If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
3.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: C · It only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
Mengapa ini jawapannya
A respirator filters tiny airborne particles only if air passes through the filter, not around a gap. Fit-testing and a fit-check every time it is worn make sure it seals.
Jawapan
C · It only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
4.Asas kejururawatan
Jawapan: A · Functional incontinence
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Functional incontinence is caused by problems outside the urinary tract, such as poor mobility or confusion. A commode near the bed, easy clothing and regular toileting help.
Jawapan
A · Functional incontinence
5.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: D · Elakkan membersihkan najis kucing dan elakkan daging yang kurang masak
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Ookista Toxoplasma dikeluarkan dalam najis kucing dan sista terdapat dalam daging yang kurang masak. Jangkitan semasa kehamilan boleh merosakkan otak dan mata janin.
Jawapan
D · Elakkan membersihkan najis kucing dan elakkan daging yang kurang masak
6.Mikrobiologi
Jawapan: C · Virus influenza kerap mengubah antigen permukaannya
Mengapa ini jawapannya
Hemaglutinin dan neuraminidase influenza berubah melalui hanyutan (mutasi kecil) dan anjakan (pengasortian semula), maka antibodi lama mungkin tidak mengenali strain baharu. Campak stabil secara antigen.
Jawapan
C · Virus influenza kerap mengubah antigen permukaannya