Kawalan Jangkitan dan Keselamatan Pesakit: pek ulang kaji kilat

Lembaran formula, langkah kaedah utama untuk setiap topik dan 6 soalan latihan, dengan penyelesaian penuh di bahagian belakang.

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1Formula dan kaedah

Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Kaedah

  1. Mulakan dengan langkah berjaga-jaga standard untuk setiap pesakit: kebersihan tangan, PPE untuk pendedahan yang dijangka, benda tajam yang selamat.
  2. Tambah langkah berjaga-jaga mengikut laluan: sentuhan (gaun, sarung tangan), titisan (pelitup muka pembedahan), bawaan udara (N95, bilik tekanan negatif).
  3. Pastikan item steril kekal steril: jika ragu-ragu, ia tidak steril; gantikan, jangan sekali-kali dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya dalam persekitaran: langkah pencegahan jatuh, sekatan hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Semak hak pemberian ubat, dua pengenalpastian dan perlindungan tambahan untuk ubat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesilapan dan hampir-hampir terlepas.

2Soalan latihan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSederhana

A patient is receiving opioids for pain. Which sign usually comes before opioid-induced respiratory depression?

  1. ADilated pupils
  2. BIncreasing sedation
  3. CRising blood pressure
  4. DDiarrhea
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakitSukar

A patient restrained because of violent behavior is now calm, oriented and following instructions. What should the nurse do?

  1. ARemove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
  2. BKeep the restraints until the next provider visit
  3. CRemove one restraint each day to test the patient’s behavior
  4. DKeep the restraints until the order expires
3.Asas kejururawatanSederhana

How is a 24-hour urine collection started?

  1. AThe first urine of the morning is kept and the rest of the day's urine is discarded
  2. BA sample is taken every four hours and the rest discarded
  3. CThe first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
  4. DOnly urine passed at night is collected
4.Asas kejururawatanSukar

On the morning of surgery, a patient who signed the consent form says they do not understand what the operation involves. What should the nurse do?

  1. ASend the patient to theatre, as the form is already signed
  2. BReassure the patient that signing the form is enough for consent to be valid
  3. CInform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery
  4. DExplain the operation's risks themselves and go ahead
5.MikrobiologiSederhana

Mengapakah wanita hamil dinasihatkan mengelakkan keju lembut yang tidak dipasteur?

  1. AIa mungkin mengandungi Listeria, yang boleh memudaratkan janin
  2. BIa mengandungi terlalu banyak laktosa untuk janin
  3. CIa mungkin mengandungi telur cacing pita
  4. DIa sering mengandungi virus hepatitis C, yang merentasi plasenta
6.MikrobiologiSukar

Mengapakah seseorang boleh mendapat influenza berkali-kali tetapi campak biasanya sekali sahaja?

  1. AVirus influenza kerap mengubah antigen permukaannya
  2. BVirus campak tidak mempunyai antigen permukaan
  3. CInfluenza menyerang dan memusnahkan sel memori yang terbentuk selepas jangkitan
  4. DCampak disebabkan oleh bakteria

3Larutan

1.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: B · Increasing sedation

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Sedation increases before respiratory depression occurs, so sedation levels are checked regularly along with breathing. A patient who is getting harder to wake needs the opioid held and the prescriber informed.

Jawapan

B · Increasing sedation
2.Kawalan jangkitan & keselamatan pesakit

Jawapan: A · Remove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Restraints are used only as long as needed to keep people safe. Once the patient no longer presents a danger, the restraints are removed, even if the order has not yet expired.

Jawapan

A · Remove the restraints, because the reason for them has ended
3.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: C · The first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept

Mengapa ini jawapannya

The patient empties the bladder at the start and that urine is discarded. All urine for the next 24 hours is kept, including a final void at the end time.

Jawapan

C · The first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
4.Asas kejururawatan

Jawapan: C · Inform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Consent is valid only if the patient understands the procedure, risks and alternatives. The nurse advocates for the patient and asks the person doing the procedure to discuss it again.

Jawapan

C · Inform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: A · Ia mungkin mengandungi Listeria, yang boleh memudaratkan janin

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Listeria monocytogenes boleh tumbuh dalam makanan sejuk dan merentasi plasenta. Ia boleh menyebabkan keguguran, bayi lahir mati atau jangkitan neonatal yang teruk.

Jawapan

A · Ia mungkin mengandungi Listeria, yang boleh memudaratkan janin
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawapan: A · Virus influenza kerap mengubah antigen permukaannya

Mengapa ini jawapannya

Hemaglutinin dan neuraminidase influenza berubah melalui hanyutan (mutasi kecil) dan anjakan (pengasortian semula), maka antibodi lama mungkin tidak mengenali strain baharu. Campak stabil secara antigen.

Jawapan

A · Virus influenza kerap mengubah antigen permukaannya

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety